Textured Fibrous Structures

ABSTRACT

Textured fibrous structures, and more particularly textured fibrous structures having a plurality of deformations such that the textures fibrous structures exhibit novel surface height properties compared to known fibrous structures, and methods for making such textured fibrous structures.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to textured fibrous structures, and moreparticularly to textured fibrous structures comprising a plurality ofdeformations such that the textured fibrous structures exhibit novelsurface height properties compared to known fibrous structures, andmethods for making such textured fibrous structures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Textured fibrous structures comprising filaments are known in the art.However, consumers of such known textured fibrous structures, whichexhibit relatively low surface height properties, desire higher surfaceheight properties in their textured fibrous structures.

As shown in FIGS. 1A-1B, an example of a prior art textured fibrousstructure 10, in this case a textured spunlaced fibrous structure,exhibits a relatively flat surface 12 into which a pattern or in thiscase one or more objects 14, such as a butterfly and/or heart, isdepressed into the flat surface 12. Such a prior art textured fibrousstructure 10 exhibits lower surface height properties than are desiredby consumers.

As shown in FIGS. 2A-2B, another example of a prior art textured fibrousstructure 10 exhibits a relatively flat surface 12 into which a patternor in this case one or more objects 14, such as a duck and/or a leaf, isdepressed into the flat surface 12. Such a prior art textured fibrousstructure 10 exhibits low surface height properties than are desired byconsumers.

One problem with known textured fibrous structures, for example knowntextured fibrous structures comprising a plurality of filaments, is thatthey exhibit lower than desirable surface height properties such thatless than desirable actual and/or perceived bowel movement removalduring use by consumers is experienced.

To date, manufacturers of known filament-containing fibrous structureshave not imparted texture to at least one surface of the knownfilament-containing fibrous structures that achieves the surface heightproperties desired by consumers. In the past, manufacturers offilament-containing fibrous structures have utilized patterned thermalbonding rolls, such as point bond patterns and/or objects, such asbutterflies and ducks, to bond its filaments and materials together togive such fibrous structures integrity, but have not imparted sufficienttexture into at least one of the surfaces such that the fibrousstructures exhibit greater surface height properties to meet theconsumers' needs.

Accordingly, there is a need for textured fibrous structures, forexample textured fibrous structures comprising a plurality of filaments,that exhibit greater surface height properties compared to knowntextured fibrous structures, for example known textured fibrousstructures comprising a plurality of filaments, and thus improved actualand/or perceived bowel movement cleaning, and methods for making suchtextured fibrous structures.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention fulfills the needs described above by providingtextured fibrous structures, for example textured fibrous structurescomprising a plurality of filaments, that exhibit greater surface heightproperties compared to known textured fibrous structures, for exampleknown textured fibrous structures comprising a plurality of filaments,and thus improved actual and/or perceived bowel movement cleaning, andmethods for making such textured fibrous structures.

One solution to the problem identified above is to produce a texturedfibrous structure, for example a textured fibrous structure comprising aplurality of filaments and/or comprising a liquid composition, such as alotion composition, comprising at least one surface comprising aplurality of deformations (protrusions and/or depressions) such that thesurface of the textured fibrous structure exhibits one or more of thefollowing surface height properties desirable to consumers of thetextured fibrous structures for improved actual and/or perceived bowelmovement cleaning: an average absolute surface height value (Sa) ofgreater than 250 μm, a root mean square average surface height value(Sq) of greater than 300 μm, and/or a height difference surface heightvalue (Sk) of greater than 825 μm as measured according to the SurfaceHeight Test Method is provided.

In one example of the present invention, a textured fibrous structure,for example a textured fibrous structure comprising a plurality offilaments and/or comprising a liquid composition, such as a lotioncomposition, comprising at least one surface comprising a plurality ofdeformations (protrusions and/or depressions) such that the surface ofthe textured fibrous structure exhibits an average absolute surfaceheight value (Sa) of greater than 250 μm as measured according to theSurface Height Test Method is provided.

In another example of the present invention, a textured fibrousstructure, for example a textured fibrous structure comprising aplurality of filaments and/or comprising a liquid composition, such as alotion composition, comprising at least one surface comprising aplurality of deformations (protrusions and/or depressions) such that thesurface of the textured fibrous structure exhibits a root mean squareaverage surface height value (Sq) of greater than 300 μm as measuredaccording to the Surface Height Test Method is provided.

In another example of the present invention, a textured fibrousstructure, for example a textured fibrous structure comprising aplurality of filaments and/or comprising a liquid composition, such as alotion composition, comprising at least one surface comprising aplurality of deformations (protrusions and/or depressions) such that thesurface of the textured fibrous structure exhibits a height differencesurface height value (Sk) of greater than 825 μm as measured accordingto the Surface Height Test Method is provided.

In still another example of the present invention, a single- ormulti-ply sanitary tissue product comprising at least one texturedfibrous structure, for example a textured fibrous structure comprising aplurality of filaments and/or comprising a liquid composition, such as alotion composition, according to the present invention is provided.

In yet another example of the present invention, a process for making atextured fibrous structure, for example a textured fibrous structurecomprising a plurality of filaments and/or comprising a liquidcomposition, such as a lotion composition, according to the presentinvention comprises the step of imparting deformations (protrusionsand/or depressions) to at least one surface of a fibrous structure, forexample a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, suchthat the surface of the textured fibrous structure exhibits an averageabsolute surface height value (Sa) of greater than 250 μm as measuredaccording to the Surface Height Test Method is provided.

In yet another example of the present invention, a process for making atextured fibrous structure, for example a textured fibrous structurecomprising a plurality of filaments and/or comprising a liquidcomposition, such as a lotion composition, according to the presentinvention comprises the step of imparting deformations (protrusionsand/or depressions) to at least one surface of a fibrous structure, forexample a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, suchthat the surface of the textured fibrous structure exhibits a root meansquare average surface height value (Sq) of greater than 300 μm asmeasured according to the Surface Height Test Method is provided.

In yet another example of the present invention, a process for making atextured fibrous structure, for example a textured fibrous structurecomprising a plurality of filaments and/or comprising a liquidcomposition, such as a lotion composition, according to the presentinvention comprises the step of imparting deformations (protrusionsand/or depressions) to at least one surface of a fibrous structure, forexample a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, suchthat the surface of the textured fibrous structure exhibits a heightdifference surface height value (Sk) of greater than 825 μm as measuredaccording to the Surface Height Test Method is provided.

For consumers to experience the desired benefits of the texturedsurface, it will in many cases cases be important that the texture isconsistent on either side of the fibrous textured structure, such as theSa, Sq, Sk values on one side of the fibrous structure are similar, forexample less than 10% and/or less than 5% and/or less than 3% and/orless than 1% difference between values, to the respective values of Sa,Sq, Sk on the other side of the fibrous structure. One way to createsuch fibrous structures is to combine 2 identical plies of texturedfibrous structures in such a way that the external surface of theresulting 2-ply fibrous structure has identical Sa, Sk, Sq values. Inone example, the fibrous structure plies may be bonded together, such asby thermal bonding and/or adhesive bonding, to form a multi-ply texturedfibrous structure.

The present invention provides novel textured fibrous structures, forexample novel textured fibrous structures comprising a plurality offilaments and/or comprising a liquid composition, such as a lotioncomposition, that exhibit improved surface height properties compared toknown textured fibrous structures, and methods for making same.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a schematic representation of an example of a Prior Arttextured fibrous structure;

FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1A taken along line 1B-1B

FIG. 2A is a schematic representation of another example of a Prior Arttextured fibrous structure;

FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2A taken along line 2B-2B

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of an example of textured fibrousstructure according to the present invention;

FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3A taken along line 3B-3B;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another example of a textured fibrousstructure according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a top plan view of another example of a textured fibrousstructure according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top plan view of another example of a textured fibrousstructure according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a top plan view of another example of a textured fibrousstructure according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an Element Characterization plot of area for the texturedfibrous structure of FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 is an Element Characterization plot of area for the texturedfibrous structure of FIG. 6;

FIG. 10 is an Element Characterization plot of area for the texturedfibrous structure of FIG. 7;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an example of a textured fibrousstructure according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 11 taken along line 12-12;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of another example of a fibrous structureaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of another example of a fibrousstructure according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of another example of a fibrousstructure according to the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a pressure mapping image for another prior art texturedfibrous structure;

FIG. 17 is a pressure mapping image of another prior art texturedfibrous structure; and

FIG. 18 is a pressure mapping image of a textured fibrous structureaccording to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions

“Fibrous structure” as used herein means a structure that comprises oneor more fibrous elements, filaments and/or fibers. In one example, thefibrous structure is a wipe, such as a wet wipe, for example a babywipe. In another example, the fibrous structure is a paper towel, suchas a dry paper towel. In one example, a fibrous structure according tothe present invention means an orderly arrangement of filaments and/orfibers within a structure in order to perform a function. In anotherexample, a fibrous structure according to the present invention is anonwoven.

Non-limiting examples of processes for making fibrous structures includeknown wet-laid papermaking processes, air-laid papermaking processesincluding carded and/or spunlaced processes, as well as meltblown and/orspunbond processes. Such wet-laid and/or air-laid processes typicallyinclude steps of preparing a fiber composition in the form of asuspension in a medium, either wet, more specifically aqueous medium, ordry, more specifically gaseous, i.e. with air as medium. The aqueousmedium used for wet-laid processes is oftentimes referred to as a fiberslurry. The fibrous slurry is then used to deposit a plurality of fibersonto a forming wire or belt such that an embryonic fibrous structure isformed, after which drying and/or bonding the fibers together results ina fibrous structure. Further processing the fibrous structure may becarried out such that a finished fibrous structure is formed. Forexample, in typical papermaking processes, the finished fibrousstructure is the fibrous structure that is wound on the reel at the endof papermaking, and may subsequently be converted into a finishedproduct, e.g. a sanitary tissue product.

The fibrous structures of the present invention may be homogeneous ormay be layered. If layered, the fibrous structures may comprise at leasttwo and/or at least three and/or at least four and/or at least fivelayers.

In one example the fibrous structure is a nonwoven.

“Nonwoven” for purposes of the present invention as used herein and asdefined by EDANA means a sheet of fibers, continuous filaments, orchopped yarns of any nature or origin, that have been formed into a webby any means, and bonded together by any means, with the exception ofweaving or knitting. Felts obtained by wet milling are not nonwovens.Wetlaid webs are nonwovens provided that they contain a minimum of 50%by weight of man-made fibers, filaments or other fibers of non-vegetableorigin with a length to diameter ratio that equals or exceeds 300 or aminimum of 30% by weight of man-made fibers, filaments or other fibersof non-vegetable origin with a length to diameter ratio that equals orexceeds 600 and a maximum apparent density of 0.40 g/cm³.

The fibrous structures of the present invention may be co-formed fibrousstructures.

“Co-formed fibrous structure” as used herein means that the fibrousstructure comprises a mixture of at least two different materialswherein at least one of the materials comprises a filament, such as apolypropylene filament, and at least one other material, different fromthe first material, comprises a solid additive, such as a fiber and/or aparticulate. In one example, a co-formed fibrous structure comprisessolid additives, such as fibers, such as wood pulp fibers and/orabsorbent gel materials and/or filler particles and/or particulate spotbonding powders and/or clays, and filaments, such as polypropylenefilaments.

“Solid additive” as used herein means a fiber and/or a particulate.

“Particulate” as used herein means a granular substance or powder.

“Fiber” and/or “Filament” as used herein means an elongate particulatehaving an apparent length greatly exceeding its apparent width, i.e. alength to diameter ratio of at least about 10. For purposes of thepresent invention, a “fiber” is an elongate particulate as describedabove that exhibits a length of less than 5.08 cm (2 in.) and a“filament” is an elongate particulate as described above that exhibits alength of greater than or equal to 5.08 cm (2 in.).

Fibers are typically considered discontinuous in nature. Non-limitingexamples of fibers include wood pulp fibers, rayon, which in turnincludes but is not limited to viscose, lyocell, cotton; wool; silk;jute; linen; ramie; hemp; flax; camel hair; kenaf; and synthetic staplefibers made from polyester, nylons, polyolefins such as polypropylene,polyethylene, natural polymers, such as starch, starch derivatives,cellulose and cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose, hemicellulosederivatives, chitin, chitosan, polyisoprene (cis and trans), peptides,polyhydroxyalkanoates, copolymers of polyolefins such aspolyethylene-octene, and biodegradable or compostable thermoplasticfibers such as polylactic acid filaments, polyvinyl alcohol filaments,and polycaprolactone filaments. The fibers may be monocomponent ormulticomponent, such as bicomponent filaments, round, non-round fibers;and combinations thereof.

Filaments are typically considered continuous or substantiallycontinuous in nature. Filaments are relatively longer than fibers.Non-limiting examples of filaments include meltblown and/or spunbondfilaments. Non-limiting examples of materials that can be spun intofilaments include natural polymers, such as starch, starch derivatives,cellulose and cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose, hemicellulosederivatives, chitin, chitosan, polyisoprene (cis and trans), peptides,polyhydroxyalkanoates, and synthetic polymers including, but not limitedto, thermoplastic polymer filaments comprising thermoplastic polymers,such as polyesters, nylons, polyolefins such as polypropylene filaments,polyethylene filaments, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcoholderivatives, sodium polyacrylate (absorbent gel material) filaments, andcopolymers of polyolefins such as polyethylene-octene, and biodegradableor compostable thermoplastic fibers such as polylactic acid filaments,polyvinyl alcohol filaments, and polycaprolactone filaments. Thefilaments may be monocomponent or multicomponent, such as bicomponentfilaments.

In one example of the present invention, “fiber” refers to papermakingfibers. Papermaking fibers useful in the present invention includecellulosic fibers commonly known as wood pulp fibers. Applicable woodpulps include chemical pulps, such as Kraft, sulfite, and sulfate pulps,as well as mechanical pulps including, for example, groundwood,thermomechanical pulp and chemically modified thermomechanical pulp.Chemical pulps, however, may be preferred since they impart a superiortactile sense of softness to tissue sheets made therefrom. Pulps derivedfrom both deciduous trees (hereinafter, also referred to as “hardwood”)and coniferous trees (hereinafter, also referred to as “softwood”) maybe utilized. The hardwood and softwood fibers can be blended, oralternatively, can be deposited in layers to provide a stratified web.U.S. Pat. No. 4,300,981 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,994,771 are incorporatedherein by reference for the purpose of disclosing layering of hardwoodand softwood fibers. Also applicable to the present invention are fibersderived from recycled paper, which may contain any or all of the abovecategories as well as other non-fibrous materials such as fillers andadhesives used to facilitate the original papermaking.

In addition to the various wood pulp fibers, other cellulosic fiberssuch as cotton linters, rayon, lyocell and bagasse can be used in thisinvention. Other sources of cellulose in the form of fibers or capableof being spun into fibers include grasses and grain sources.

“Sanitary tissue product” as used herein means a soft, low density (i.e.<about 0.15 g/cm³) web useful as a wiping implement for post-urinary andpost-bowel movement cleaning (toilet tissue), for otorhinolaryngologicaldischarges (facial tissue), and multi-functional absorbent and cleaninguses (absorbent towels). Non-limiting examples of suitable sanitarytissue products of the present invention include paper towels, bathtissue, facial tissue, napkins, baby wipes, adult wipes, wet wipes,cleaning wipes, polishing wipes, cosmetic wipes, car care wipes, wipesthat comprise an active agent for performing a particular function,cleaning substrates for use with implements, such as a Swiffer® cleaningwipe/pad. The sanitary tissue product may be convolutedly wound uponitself about a core or without a core to form a sanitary tissue productroll.

In one example, the sanitary tissue product of the present inventioncomprises a fibrous structure according to the present invention.

The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may exhibit abasis weight between about 10 g/m² to about 500 g/m² and/or from about15 g/m² to about 400 g/m² and/or from about 20 g/m² to about 300 g/m²and/or from about 20 g/m² to about 200 g/m² and/or from about 20 g/m² toabout 150 g/m² and/or from about 20 g/m² to about 120 g/m² and/or fromabout 20 g/m² to about 110 g/m² and/or from about 20 g/m² to about 100g/m² and/or from about 30 to 90 g/m². In addition, the sanitary tissueproduct of the present invention may exhibit a basis weight betweenabout 40 g/m² to about 500 g/m² and/or from about 50 g/m² to about 400g/m² and/or from about 55 g/m² to about 300 g/m² and/or from about 60 to200 g/m². In one example, the sanitary tissue product exhibits a basisweight of less than 100 g/m² and/or less than 80 g/m² and/or less than75 g/m² and/or less than 70 g/m² and/or less than 65 g/m² and/or lessthan 60 g/m² and/or less than 55 g/m² and/or less than 50 g/m² and/orless than 47 g/m² and/or less than 45 g/m² and/or less than 40 g/m²and/or less than 35 g/m² and/or to greater than 20 g/m² and/or greaterthan 25 g/m² and/or greater than 30 g/m² as measured according to theBasis Weight Test Method described herein.

In one example, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention mayexhibit a CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of /or greater than 5.0 Nand/or greater than 5.5 N and/or greater than 6.0 N as measuredaccording to the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength Test Method describedherein.

The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may exhibit adensity (measured at 95 g/in²) of less than about 0.60 g/cm³ and/or lessthan about 0.30 g/cm³ and/or less than about 0.20 g/cm³ and/or less thanabout 0.10 g/cm³ and/or less than about 0.07 g/cm³ and/or less thanabout 0.05 g/cm³ and/or from about 0.01 g/cm³ to about 0.20 g/cm³ and/orfrom about 0.02 g/cm³ to about 0.10 g/cm³.

The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprisesadditives such as softening agents, temporary wet strength agents,permanent wet strength agents, bulk softening agents, silicones, wettingagents, latexes, especially surface-pattern-applied latexes, drystrength agents such as carboxymethylcellulose and starch, and othertypes of additives suitable for inclusion in and/or on sanitary tissueproducts.

“Deformations” as used herein means surface height (“z”-oriented)objects; namely, protrusions 16 and/or depressions 18 on a surface 12 ofthe textured fibrous structure 10 as shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B and 4. Thedeformations may be out-of-plane portions of the surface of the texturedfibrous structure. In one example, at least one surface of the texturedfibrous structure of the present invention comprises a plurality ofdiscrete deformations, for example a plurality of discrete protrusionsand/or a plurality of discrete depressions. In one example, the texturedfibrous structure comprises a first surface comprising a plurality ofdiscrete protrusions and a second surface, opposite the first surface,comprising a plurality of discrete depressions. In another example, thetextured fibrous structure comprises a first surface comprising aplurality of discrete protrusions and a second surface, opposite thefirst surface, comprising a plurality of discrete depressions, whereinat least one of the discrete protrusions and one of the discretedepressions are registered with one another in a one-to-onerelationship.

Further, the plurality of deformations on a surface of the texturedfibrous structure are present in a non-random, repeating pattern, forexample a single deformation may be in the shape of an object, such as aheart, a butterfly, a leaf, a flower, and not simply a geometric shape.In another example, two or more or three or more discrete deformationsmay together form a design or object, such as a flower (petals of theflower). Such designs and/or objects are achievable using patternedresinous belts and/or patterned rolls to impart the deformations to thefibrous structure and have not been achievable using woven fabrics toimpart texture, if any, to fibrous structures.

“Elements” as used herein means an x-y plane of a deformation; namely,an x-y plane of a protrusion and an x-y plane of a depression. Theelements and their characteristics, such as area, perimeter, aspectratio, angle (such as feret angle), inter-element distances, etc. aredetermined and measured according to the Element Characterization TestMethod described herein. In one example, the textured fibrous structureof the present invention comprises at least one surface comprisinggreater than 10% and/or greater than 15% and/or greater than 20% and/orgreater than 25% and/or greater than 30% and/or greater than 35% ofelements that exhibits an average area of greater than 10 mm² and/orgreater than 15 mm² and/or greater than 20 mm² and/or greater than 25mm² and/or greater than 30 mm² as measured according to the ElementCharacterization Test Method described herein.

“Basis Weight” as used herein is the weight per unit area of a samplereported in lbs/3000 ft² or g/m² (gsm).

“Stack” as used herein, refers to a neat pile of fibrous structuresand/or wipes. Based upon the assumption that there are at least threewipes in a stack, each wipe, except for the topmost and bottommost wipesin the stack, will be directly in face to face contact with the wipedirectly above and below itself in the stack. Moreover, when viewed fromabove, the wipes will be layered on top of each other, or superimposed,such that only the topmost wipe of the stack will be visible. The heightof the stack is measured from the bottom of the bottommost wipe in thestack to the top of the topmost wipe in the stack and is provided inunits of millimeters (mm).

“Liquid composition” and “lotion” are used interchangeably herein andrefer to any liquid, including, but not limited to a pure liquid such aswater, an aqueous solution, a colloid, an emulsion, a suspension, asolution and mixtures thereof. The term “aqueous solution” as usedherein, refers to a solution that is at least about 20% and/or at leastabout 40% and/or at least about 50% water by weight, and is no more than99.9% and/or no more than about 99% and/or no more than about 98% and/orno more than about 97% and/or no more than about 95% and/or no more thanabout 90% water by weight.

In one example, the liquid composition comprises water or another liquidsolvent. Generally the liquid composition is of sufficiently lowviscosity to impregnate the entire structure of the fibrous structure.In another example, the liquid composition may be primarily present atthe fibrous structure surface and to a lesser extent in the innerstructure of the fibrous structure. In a further example, the liquidcomposition is releasably carried by the fibrous structure, that is theliquid composition is carried on or in the fibrous structure and isreadily releasable from the fibrous structure by applying some force tothe fibrous structure, for example by wiping a surface with the fibrousstructure.

The liquid compositions used in the present invention are primarilyalthough not limited to, oil in water emulsions. In one example, theliquid composition of the present invention comprises at least 80%and/or at least 85% and/or at least 90% and/or at least 95% by weightwater.

When present on or in the fibrous structure, the liquid composition maybe present at a level of from about 10% to about 1000% of the basisweight of the fibrous structure and/or from about 100% to about 700% ofthe basis weight of the fibrous structure and/or from about 200% toabout 500% and/or from about 200% to about 400% of the basis weight ofthe fibrous structure.

The liquid composition may comprise an acid. Non-limiting examples ofacids that can be used in the liquid composition of the presentinvention are adipic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, maleic acid,malic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, glutaric acid, malonic acid,salicylic acid, gluconic acid, polymeric acids, phosphoric acid,carbonic acid, fumaric acid and phthalic acid and mixtures thereof.Suitable polymeric acids can include homopolymers, copolymers andterpolymers, and may contain at least 30 mole % carboxylic acid groups.Specific examples of suitable polymeric acids useful herein includestraight-chain poly(acrylic) acid and its copolymers, both ionic andnonionic, (e.g., maleic-acrylic, sulfonic-acrylic, and styrene-acryliccopolymers), those cross-linked polyacrylic acids having a molecularweight of less than about 250,000, preferably less than about 100,000poly (α-hydroxy) acids, poly (methacrylic) acid, and naturally occurringpolymeric acids such as carageenic acid, carboxy methyl cellulose, andalginic acid. In one example, the liquid composition comprises citricacid and/or citric acid derivatives.

The liquid composition may also contain salts of the acid or acids usedto lower the pH, or another weak base to impart buffering properties tothe fibrous structure. The buffering response is due to the equilibriumwhich is set up between the free acid and its salt. This allows thefibrous structure to maintain its overall pH despite encountering arelatively high amount of bodily waste as would be found post urinationor defecation in a baby or adult. In one embodiment the acid salt wouldbe sodium citrate. The amount of sodium citrate present in the lotionwould be between 0.01 and 2.0%, alternatively 0.1 and 1.25%, oralternatively 0.2 and 0.7% of the lotion.

In one example, the liquid composition does not contain any preservativecompounds.

In addition to the above ingredients, the liquid composition maycomprise addition ingredients. Non-limiting examples of additionalingredients that may be present in the liquid composition of the presentinvention include: skin conditioning agents (emollients, humectants)including, waxes such as petrolatum, cholesterol and cholesterolderivatives, di and tri-glycerides including sunflower oil and sesameoil, silicone oils such as dimethicone copolyol, caprylyl glycol andacetoglycerides such as lanolin and its derivatives, emulsifiers;stabilizers; surfactants including anionic, amphoteric, cationic and nonionic surfactants, colourants, chelating agents including EDTA, sunscreen agents, solubilizing agents, perfumes, opacifying agents,vitamins, viscosity modifiers; such as xanthan gum, astringents andexternal analgesics.

“Pre-moistened” and “wet” are used interchangeably herein and refer tofibrous structures and/or wipes which are moistened with a liquidcomposition prior to packaging in a generally moisture imperviouscontainer or wrapper. Such pre-moistened wipes, which can also bereferred to as “wet wipes” and “towelettes”, may be suitable for use incleaning babies, as well as older children and adults.

“Saturation loading” and “lotion loading” are used interchangeablyherein and refer to the amount of liquid composition applied to thefibrous structure or wipe. In general, the amount of liquid compositionapplied may be chosen in order to provide maximum benefits to the endproduct comprised by the wipe. Saturation loading is typically expressedas grams of liquid composition per gram of dry wipe.

Saturation loading, often expressed as percent saturation, is defined asthe percentage of the dry fibrous structure or wipe's mass (void of anyliquid composition) that a liquid composition present on/in the fibrousstructure or wipe represents. For example, a saturation loading of 1.0(equivalently, 100% saturation) indicates that the mass of liquidcomposition present on/in the fibrous structure or wipe is equal to themass of dry fibrous structure or wipe (void of any liquid composition).

The following equation is used to calculate saturation load of a fibrousstructure or wipe:

${{Saturation}\mspace{14mu} {Loading}} = {\left\lbrack \frac{{wet}\mspace{14mu} {wipe}\mspace{14mu} {mass}}{\left( {{wipe}\mspace{14mu} {size}} \right)*\left( {{basis}\mspace{14mu} {weight}} \right)} \right\rbrack - 1}$

“Saturation gradient index” (SGI) is a measure of how well the wipes atthe top of a stack retain moisture. The SGI of a stack of wipes ismeasured as described infra and is calculated as the ratio of theaverage lotion load of the bottommost wipes in the stack versus thetopmost wipes in the stack. The ideal stack of wipes will have an SGI ofabout 1.0; that is, the topmost wipes will be equally as moist as thebottommost wipes. In the aforementioned embodiments, the stacks have aSGI from about 1.0 to about 1.5.

The saturation gradient index for a fibrous structure or wipe stack iscalculated as the ratio of the saturation loading of a set number offibrous structures or wipes from the bottom of a stack to that of thesame number of fibrous structures or wipes from the top of the stack.For example, for an approximately 80 count wipe stack, the saturationgradient index is this ratio using 10 wipes from bottom and top; for anapproximately 30 count wipe stack, 5 wipes from bottom and top are used;and for less than 30, only the top and bottom single wipes are used inthe saturation gradient index calculation. The following equationillustrates the example of an 80 count stack saturation gradient indexcalculation:

${{Saturation}\mspace{14mu} {Gradient}\mspace{14mu} {Index}} = \frac{\begin{matrix}{{average}\mspace{14mu} {lotion}\mspace{14mu} {load}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {bottom}} \\{10\mspace{14mu} {wipes}\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {stack}}\end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix}{{average}\mspace{14mu} {lotion}\mspace{14mu} {load}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {top}} \\{10\mspace{14mu} {wipes}\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {stack}}\end{matrix}}$

A saturation profile, or wetness gradient, exists in the stack when thesaturation gradient index is greater than 1.0. In cases where thesaturation gradient index is significantly greater than 1.0, e.g. overabout 1.5, lotion is draining from the top of the stack and settling inthe bottom of the container, such that there may be a noticeabledifference in the wetness of the topmost fibrous structures or wipes inthe stack compared to that of the fibrous structures or wipes nearestthe bottom of the stack. For example, a perfect tub of wipes would havea saturation gradient index of 1.0; the bottommost wipes and topmostwipes would maintain equivalent saturation loading during storage.Additional liquid composition would not be needed to supersaturate thewipes in an effort to keep all of the wipes moist, which typicallyresults in the bottommost wipes being soggy.

“Percent moisture” or “% moisture” or “moisture level” as used hereinmeans 100× (the ratio of the mass of water contained in a fibrousstructure to the mass of the fibrous structure). The product of theabove equation is reported as a %.

“Surface tension” as used herein, refers to the force at the interfacebetween a liquid composition and air. Surface tension is typicallyexpressed in dynes per centimeter (dynes/cm).

“Surfactant” as used herein, refers to materials which preferably orienttoward an interface. Surfactants include the various surfactants knownin the art, including: nonionic surfactants; anionic surfactants;cationic surfactants; amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants;and mixtures thereof.

“Visible” as used herein, refers to being capable of being seen by thenaked eye when viewed at a distance of 12 inches (in), or 30.48centimeters (cm), under the unimpeded light of an ordinary incandescent60 watt light bulb that is inserted in a fixture such as a table lamp.It follows that “visually distinct” as used herein refers to thosefeatures of nonwoven wipes, whether or not they are pre-moistened, thatare readily visible and discernable when the wipe is subjected to normaluse, such as the cleaning of a child's skin.

“Machine Direction” or “MD” as used herein means the direction parallelto the flow of the fibrous structure through the fibrous structuremaking machine and/or sanitary tissue product manufacturing equipment.

“Cross Machine Direction” or “CD” as used herein means the directionparallel to the width of the fibrous structure making machine and/orsanitary tissue product manufacturing equipment and perpendicular to themachine direction.

“Ply” as used herein means an individual, integral fibrous structure.

“Plies” as used herein means two or more individual, integral fibrousstructures disposed in a substantially contiguous, face-to-facerelationship with one another, forming a multi-ply fibrous structureand/or multi-ply sanitary tissue product. It is also contemplated thatan individual, integral fibrous structure can effectively form amulti-ply fibrous structure, for example, by being folded on itself.

“Total Pore Volume” as used herein means the sum of the fluid holdingvoid volume in each pore range from 2.5 μm to 1000 μm radii as measuredaccording to the Pore Volume Test Method described herein.

“Pore Volume Distribution” as used herein means the distribution offluid holding void volume as a function of pore radius. The Pore VolumeDistribution of a fibrous structure is measured according to the PoreVolume Test Method described herein.

As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” when used herein, for example,“an anionic surfactant” or “a fiber” is understood to mean one or moreof the material that is claimed or described.

All percentages and ratios are calculated by weight unless otherwiseindicated. All percentages and ratios are calculated based on the totalcomposition unless otherwise indicated.

Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels are inreference to the active level of that component or composition, and areexclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products,which may be present in commercially available sources.

Fibrous Structure

It has surprisingly been found that the textured fibrous structures ofthe present invention that exhibit novel surface height propertiescompared to known textured fibrous structures provide consumers withimproved actual and/or perceived bowel movement removal during use.

In one example, a textured fibrous structure, for example a texturedfibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments and/or comprisinga liquid composition, such as a lotion, according to the presentinvention comprises at least one surface comprising a plurality ofdeformations such that the surface exhibits one or more of the followingsurface height properties:

-   -   a. an average absolute surface height value (Sa) of greater than        250 μm and/or greater than 275 μm and/or greater than 300 μm        and/or greater than 325 μm and/or greater than 350 μm and/or        greater than 375 μm and/or greater than 400 μm and/or greater        than 450 μm and/or greater than 500 μm and/or greater than 525        μm as measured according to the Surface Height Test Method        described herein;    -   b. a root mean square average surface height value (Sq) of        greater than 300 μm and/or greater than 325 μm and/or greater        than 350 μm and/or greater than 375 μm and/or greater than 400        μm and/or greater than 450 μm and/or greater than 500 μm and/or        greater than 525 μm and/or greater than 575 μm as measured        according to the Surface Height Test Method described herein;    -   c. a height difference surface height value (Sk) of greater than        825 μm and/or greater than 875 and/or greater than 900 and/or        greater than 925 and/or greater than 975 and/or greater than        1000 and/or greater than 1125 and/or greater than 1150 and/or        greater than 1200 and/or greater than 1250 and/or greater than        1300 and/or greater than 1350 and/or greater than 1400 and/or        greater than 1450 and/or greater than 1500 as measured according        to the Surface Height Test Method described herein.

In one example, a textured fibrous structure void of spunbond (i.e., nota textured spunbond/pulp/spunbond fibrous structure), for example atextured coformed fibrous structure, textured spunlaced fibrousstructure, or textured airlaid fibrous structure according to thepresent invention comprises at least one surface comprising a pluralityof deformations such that the surface exhibits one or more of thefollowing surface height properties:

-   -   a. an average absolute surface height value (Sa) of greater than        85 μm and/or greater than 90 μm and/or greater than 100 μm        and/or greater than 150 μm and/or greater than 200 μm and/or        greater than 250 μm and/or greater than 275 μm and/or greater        than 300 μm and/or greater than 325 μm and/or greater than 350        μm and/or greater than 375 μm and/or greater than 400 μm and/or        greater than 450 μm and/or greater than 500 μm and/or greater        than 525 μm as measured according to the Surface Height Test        Method described herein;    -   b. a root mean square average surface height value (Sq) of        greater than 125 μm and/or greater than 150 μm and/or greater        than 200 μm and/or greater than 250 μm and/or greater than 300        μm and/or greater than 325 μm and/or greater than 350 μm and/or        greater than 375 μm and/or greater than 400 μm and/or greater        than 450 μm and/or greater than 500 μm and/or greater than 525        μm and/or greater than 575 μm as measured according to the        Surface Height Test Method described herein;    -   c. a height difference surface height value (Sk) of greater than        270 μm and/or greater than 300 μm and/or greater than 350 μm        and/or greater than 400 μm and/or greater than 450 μm and/or        greater than 500 μm and/or greater than 600 μm and/or greater        than 700 μm and/or greater than 825 μm and/or greater than 875        and/or greater than 900 and/or greater than 925 and/or greater        than 975 and/or greater than 1000 and/or greater than 1125        and/or greater than 1150 and/or greater than 1200 and/or greater        than 1250 and/or greater than 1300 and/or greater than 1350        and/or greater than 1400 and/or greater than 1450 and/or greater        than 1500 as measured according to the Surface Height Test        Method described herein.

In one example, a textured fibrous structure void of pulp, for example atextured spunlaced fibrous structure according to the present inventioncomprises at least one surface comprising a plurality of deformationssuch that the surface exhibits one or more of the following surfaceheight properties:

-   -   a. an average absolute surface height value (Sa) of greater than        80 μm and/or greater than 82 μm and/or greater than 85 μm and/or        greater than 90 μm and/or greater than 100 μm and/or greater        than 150 μm and/or greater than 200 μm and/or greater than 250        μm and/or greater than 275 μm and/or greater than 300 μm and/or        greater than 325 μm and/or greater than 350 μm and/or greater        than 375 μm and/or greater than 400 μm and/or greater than 450        μm and/or greater than 500 μm and/or greater than 525 μm as        measured according to the Surface Height Test Method described        herein;    -   b. a root mean square average surface height value (Sq) of        greater than 117 μm and/or greater than 120 μm and/or greater        than 125 μm and/or greater than 150 μm and/or greater than 200        μm and/or greater than 250 μm and/or greater than 300 μm and/or        greater than 325 μm and/or greater than 350 μm and/or greater        than 375 μm and/or greater than 400 μm and/or greater than 450        μm and/or greater than 500 μm and/or greater than 525 μm and/or        greater than 575 μm as measured according to the Surface Height        Test Method described herein;    -   c. a height difference surface height value (Sk) of greater than        245 μm and/or greater than 250 μm and/or greater than 300 μm        and/or greater than 350 μm and/or greater than 400 μm and/or        greater than 450 μm and/or greater than 500 μm and/or greater        than 600 μm and/or greater than 700 μm and/or greater than 825        μm and/or greater than 875 and/or greater than 900 and/or        greater than 925 and/or greater than 975 and/or greater than        1000 and/or greater than 1125 and/or greater than 1150 and/or        greater than 1200 and/or greater than 1250 and/or greater than        1300 and/or greater than 1350 and/or greater than 1400 and/or        greater than 1450 and/or greater than 1500 as measured according        to the Surface Height Test Method described herein.

In one example, a textured fibrous structure void of filaments, forexample a textured airlaid fibrous structure, such as a textured airlaidcomprising a liquid composition, such as a lotion, according to thepresent invention comprises at least one surface comprising a pluralityof deformations such that the surface exhibits one or more of thefollowing surface height properties:

-   -   a. an average absolute surface height value (Sa) of greater than        greater than 60 μm and/or greater than 65 μm and/or greater than        70 μm and/or greater than 75 μm and/or greater than 80 μm and/or        greater than 82 μm and/or greater than 85 μm and/or greater than        90 μm and/or greater than 100 μm and/or greater than 150 μm        and/or greater than 200 μm and/or greater than 250 μm and/or        greater than 275 μm and/or greater than 300 μm and/or greater        than 325 μm and/or greater than 350 μm and/or greater than 375        μm and/or greater than 400 μm and/or greater than 450 μm and/or        greater than 500 μm and/or greater than 525 μm as measured        according to the Surface Height Test Method described herein;    -   b. a root mean square average surface height value (Sq) of        greater than 80 μm and/or greater than 90 μm and/or greater than        100 μm and/or greater than 110 μm and/or greater than 117 μm        and/or greater than 120 μm and/or greater than 125 μm and/or        greater than 150 μm and/or greater than 200 μm and/or greater        than 250 μm and/or greater than 300 μm and/or greater than 325        μm and/or greater than 350 μm and/or greater than 375 μm and/or        greater than 400 μm and/or greater than 450 μm and/or greater        than 500 μm and/or greater than 525 μm and/or greater than 575        μm as measured according to the Surface Height Test Method        described herein;    -   c. a height difference surface height value (Sk) of greater than        195 μm and/or greater than 200 μm and/or greater than 225 μm        and/or greater than 245 μm and/or greater than 250 μm and/or        greater than 300 μm and/or greater than 350 μm and/or greater        than 400 μm and/or greater than 450 μm and/or greater than 500        μm and/or greater than 600 μm and/or greater than 700 μm and/or        greater than 825 μm and/or greater than 875 and/or greater than        900 and/or greater than 925 and/or greater than 975 and/or        greater than 1000 and/or greater than 1125 and/or greater than        1150 and/or greater than 1200 and/or greater than 1250 and/or        greater than 1300 and/or greater than 1350 and/or greater than        1400 and/or greater than 1450 and/or greater than 1500 as        measured according to the Surface Height Test Method described        herein.

In another example, the textured fibrous structures are made on and thesurface height properties and element characteristics are achieved usinga monoplanar collection device, such as a resinous belt, alone or on asupport fabric, rather than on a multi-planar woven fabric.

The presence of the deformations on one or more surfaces of the texturedfibrous structures of the present invention are such that surface heightproperties described herein of the textured fibrous structures areproduced.

Table 1 below shows surface height property values for comparativeexamples of fibrous structures, some textured, and inventive examples.

TABLE 1 Fibrous Sa Sq Sk Structure Type (μm) (μm) (μm) InventiveSpunlaced 318 - Side A 315.1 351.9 916.6 Sample 1 318 - Side A2 285.5319.5 833.5 318 - Side B 301.6 338.7 888.7 318 - Side B2 234 270.1 717.2Inventive Coformed 319 - Side A 544.7 613.2 1533.3 Sample 2 319 - SideA2 513.6 570.1 1471.4 319 - Side B 483.3 537.4 1399.9 319 - Side B2478.9 530.9 1368.3 Inventive Spunbond/ 321 - Side A 340.8 382.5 1003.8Sample 3 Pulp/ 321 - Side A2 344.6 387.2 1019.1 Spunbond 321 - Side B328.7 370 958.4 321 - Side B2 311.2 354.7 926.9 Inventive Airlaid 322 -Side A 374.9 422.8 1119.6 Sample 4 322 - Side A2 387.8 436.5 1147.2322 - Side B 377.4 426.6 1124.1 322 - Side B2 346.9 392.9 1029.9Inventive Coformed Side A 422.5 473.6 1254.5 Sample 5 Side A2 385.6435.2 1154 Side B 361 416.6 1114.9 Side B2 308.5 356.9 950.8 InventiveCoformed 301 - Side A 468.3 530.3 1386.8 Sample 6 301 - Side A2 505.5570.6 1511.1 301 - Side B 373.3 421.9 1098.6 301 - Side B2 388.6 439.81129.8 Inventive Coformed 303 - Side A 395 441.6 1144.3 Sample 7 303 -Side A2 349.1 388.7 993 303 - Side B 390.8 440.9 1167.9 303 - Side B2412.6 464 1218.1 Comparative Spunbond/ Side A 234.3 282.8 782 Sample 1Pulp/ Side A2 237.5 288.6 806.4 Spunbond Side B 185.7 228.9 632.6 SideB2 235.7 287.4 791.3 Pampers ® Spunlaced 318 - Flat - Side A 79.2 115.4234.9 (FIGS. 318 - Flat - Side B 79.5 113.3 242.7 1A-1B) Huggies ®Coformed 319 - Flat - Side A 64.8 83.4 207.7 Natural Care 319 - Flat -Side B 83.7 109.5 267.9 Arvell ® Spunbond/ 321 - Flat - Side A 43.4 55.8139.3 Pulp/ 321 - Flat - Side B 50.3 64.4 163.3 Spunbond 7th Gen ®Airlaid 322 - Flat - Side A 59.8 75.4 194 (FIGS. 322 - Flat - Side B54.3 68.5 176.1 2A-2B)

In one example of the textured fibrous structure of the presentinvention as shown in FIG. 5, the textured fibrous structure 10, forexample a textured fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filamentsand/or comprising a liquid composition, such as a lotion, comprises asurface 12 and one or more objects 14 formed by an arrangement ofdiscrete deformations, for example protrusions 16, such as a flowerpattern. The opposite surface of this textured fibrous structure 10comprises a plurality of depressions (not shown) that correspond to theprotrusions 16.

In another example of the textured fibrous structure of the presentinvention as shown in FIG. 6, the textured fibrous structure 10, forexample a textured fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filamentsand/or comprising a liquid composition, such as a lotion, comprises asurface 12 and one or more objects 14 formed by an arrangement ofdiscrete deformations, for example protrusions 16, such as a flowerpattern, in this case a larger flower pattern than that shown in FIG. 5.The opposite surface of this textured fibrous structure 10 comprises aplurality of depressions (not shown) that correspond to the protrusions16.

In still another example of the textured fibrous structure of thepresent invention as shown in FIG. 7 the textured fibrous structure 10,for example a textured fibrous structure comprising a plurality offilaments and/or comprising a liquid composition, such as a lotion,comprises a surface 12 and one or more objects 14 formed by anarrangement of discrete deformations, for example protrusions 16, suchas a coin pattern made up of a center deformation and four surroundingdeformations.

As illustrated in FIGS. 5-7, the surface 12 of the textured fibrousstructures 10 of the present invention may comprise one or more and/ortwo or more and/or three or more and/or four or more groups (a group ismore than 3 and/or more than 4 and/or more than 5 and/or more than 10and/or more than 15 and/or more than 20 discrete deformations) ofdiscrete deformations that exhibit different surface height propertiesand/or exhibit different element characteristics, such as element count(number of elements in a group and/or total number of elements), area,perimeter, length, angle, width, aspect ratio, perimeter to area ratio,and inter-element distances for elements within a group and/or elementsin different groups and/or for all elements. In one example, a group ofdeformations is different from another group of deformations if they arediscernible visually and/or mathematically from one another based onsurface height and/or element characteristics, such as area. In anotherexample, a group of deformations if the average value of the surfaceheight and/or the element characteristic, for example area, is at least10% and/or at least 15% and/or at least 20% and/or at least 25% and/orat least 30% and/or at least 40% different from the average value of thesurface height of the groups of deformations and/or different from theaverage value of the element characteristic of the groups ofdeformations, such as area. A group of elements may exhibit a 10% orless and/or 8% or less and/or 5% or less and/or 3% or less deviation ofan element characteristic, such as area, among the elements within thegroup.

FIGS. 8-10 (Textured Fibrous Structures according to the presentinvention) illustrate this concept. FIG. 8 corresponds to the texturedfibrous structure shown in FIG. 5 and clearly shows three or moregroups; namely three groups of discrete deformations and thus elementsthat exhibit different element characteristics, for example areas, suchas non-constant areas of discrete deformations between groups and in oneexample with respect to the elements in general. For example, one groupof discrete deformations, the largest elements, exhibit an average areaof about 45 mm², another group, the medium sized elements, exhibit anaverage area of about 18 mm² and the third group, the smallest elements,exhibit an average area of about 3 mm².

FIG. 9 corresponds to the textured fibrous structure shown in FIG. 6 andclearly shows three or more groups; namely three groups of discretedeformations and thus elements that exhibit different elementcharacteristics, for example areas. For example, one group of discretedeformations, the largest elements, exhibit an average area of about 100mm², another group, the medium sized elements, exhibit an average areaof about 40 mm² and the third group, the smallest elements, exhibit anaverage area of about 9 mm².

FIG. 10 corresponds to the textured fibrous structure shown in FIG. 7and appears to show three groups of discrete deformations and thuselements that exhibit different element characteristics, for exampleareas. However, upon review of the area profile and the analysis imageit is evident that an artifact of bridging is occurring. One of skill inthe art would recognize this bridging effect and discount that apparentgroup of deformations (in this case, the largest elements). Accordingly,it is clear that FIG. 10 shows two or more groups; namely two groups ofdiscrete deformations and thus elements that exhibit different elementcharacteristics, for example areas. For example, one group of discretedeformations exhibit an average area of about 30 mm², and the othergroup exhibit an average area of about 19 mm².

FIGS. 8-10 clearly illustrate that the examples of the textured fibrousstructure of the present invention shown therein comprise at least onesurface comprising greater than 10% and/or greater than 15% and/orgreater than 20% and/or greater than 25% and/or greater than 30% and/orgreater than 35% of elements that exhibits an average area of greaterthan 10 mm² and/or greater than 15 mm² and/or greater than 20 mm² and/orgreater than 25 mm² and/or greater than 30 mm² as measured according tothe Element Characterization Test Method described herein.

In addition to the areas of the elements shown in FIGS. 8-10, FIGS. 8-10also show that the examples of the textured fibrous structures of thepresent invention exhibit mean inter-element distances of greater than1.1 mm and/or greater than 1.2 mm and/or greater than 1.4 mm and/orgreater than 1.5 mm and/or greater than 1.7 mm and/or greater than 1.8mm and/or greater than 2.0 mm and/or greater than 2.2 mm and/or greaterthan 2.5 mm and/or greater than 2.75 mm and/or greater than 3.0 mm andmean inter-element distance standard deviations of greater than 0.4and/or greater than 0.5 and/or greater than 0.6 and/or greater than 0.7and/or greater than 0.75 and/or greater than 0.8 and/or greater than 0.9and/or greater than 1.0 and/or greater than 1.1 and/or greater than 1.2as measured according to the Element Characterization Test Methoddescribed herein.

In addition to the areas and inter-element distances, the texturedfibrous structures 10 of the present invention may comprise a surface 12comprising discrete deformations, for example discrete protrusions 16,such that discrete deformations are arranged and/or oriented such thatthree or more and/or four or more and/or five or more different (greaterthan 10% and/or greater than 15% and/or greater than 20% and/or greaterthan 25% difference between angles) element angles (referenced as 20,22, 24, and 26) with respect to the MD, and/or groups of element angleswith respect to the MD are present (as shown in FIGS. 5-7) as measuredaccording to the Element Characterization Test Method described herein.

In addition, the textured fibrous structures of the present inventionmay comprise a surface comprising discrete deformations such thatdiscrete deformations exhibit element areas and element perimeters suchthat the ratio of element perimeter to element area is 1 or less and/or0.9 or less and/or 0.8 or less and/or 0.7 or less and/or 0.6 or less asmeasured according to the Element Characterization Test Method describedherein.

The texture fibrous structure of the present invention may comprise aplurality of filaments and fibers commingled together, for example as acoform textured fibrous structure.

At least one of the fibrous elements, for example filaments, within thetextured fibrous structure of the present invention may comprise athermoplastic polymer. The thermoplastic polymer, when present, may beselected from the group consisting of: polyolefins, polyesters, andmixtures thereof In one example, the thermoplastic polymer is apolyolefin, such as polypropylene and/or polyethylene. In one example,the polyolefin is polypropylene.

The fibers, when present in the textured fibrous structures of thepresent invention, may comprise pulp fibers, such as wood pulp fibers.

The textured fibrous structures of the present invention may comprise aplurality of filaments, a plurality of solid additives, such as fibers,and a mixture of filaments and solid additives, for example fibers, suchas pulp fibers.

FIGS. 11-15 below are meant to show examples of different configurationsand/or structures that the textured fibrous structures of the presentinvention may be produced in. The plurality of deformations on thesurface(s) of the textured fibrous structures of the present inventionare not explicitly shown in FIGS. 11-15, but are considered to bepresent for purposes of this application.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show schematic representations of an example of atextured fibrous structure in accordance with the present invention. Asshown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the textured fibrous structure 10 may be aco-formed fibrous structure. The textured fibrous structure 10 comprisesa plurality of filaments 28, such as polypropylene filaments, and aplurality of solid additives, such as wood pulp fibers 30. The filaments28 may be randomly arranged as a result of the process by which they arespun and/or formed into the textured fibrous structure 10. The wood pulpfibers 30, may be randomly dispersed throughout the textured fibrousstructure 10 in the x-y plane. The wood pulp fibers 30 may benon-randomly dispersed throughout the fibrous structure in thez-direction. In one example (not shown), the wood pulp fibers 30 arepresent at a higher concentration on one or more of the exterior, x-yplane surfaces than within the fibrous structure along the z-direction.

As shown in FIG. 13, another example of a fibrous structure inaccordance with the present invention is a layered textured fibrousstructure 10. The layered textured fibrous structure 10 comprises afirst layer 32 comprising a plurality of filaments 28 a, such aspolypropylene filaments, and a plurality of solid additives, in thisexample, wood pulp fibers 30. The layered textured fibrous structure 10further comprises a second layer 34 comprising a plurality of filaments28 b, such as polypropylene filaments. In one example, the first andsecond layers 32, 34, respectively, are sharply defined zones ofconcentration of the filaments and/or solid additives. The plurality offilaments 28 b may be deposited directly onto a surface of the firstlayer 32 to form a layered textured fibrous structure that comprises thefirst and second layers 32, 34, respectively.

Further, the layered textured fibrous structure 10 may comprise a thirdlayer 36, as shown in FIG. 13. The third layer 36 may comprise aplurality of filaments 28 c, which may be the same or different from thefilaments 28 b and/or 28 a in the second 34 and/or first 32 layers,respectively. As a result of the addition of the third layer 36, thefirst layer 32 is positioned, for example sandwiched, between the secondlayer 34 and the third layer 36. The plurality of filaments 28 c may bedeposited directly onto a surface of the first layer 32, opposite fromthe second layer 34, to form the layered textured fibrous structure 10that comprises the first, second and third layers 32, 34, 36,respectively. The second and third layers 34, 36 may function as a scrimmaterial in the layered textured fibrous structure 10.

As shown in FIG. 14, a cross-sectional schematic representation ofanother example of a textured fibrous structure in accordance with thepresent invention comprising a layered textured fibrous structure 10comprising a first layer 32, a second layer 34 and optionally a thirdlayer 36. The first layer 32 comprises a plurality of filaments 28 a,such as polypropylene filaments, and a plurality of solid additives,such as wood pulp fibers 30. The second layer 34 may comprise anysuitable filaments, solid additives and/or polymeric films. In oneexample, the second layer 34 comprises a plurality of filaments 28 b. Inone example, the filaments 28 b comprise a polymer selected from thegroup consisting of: polysaccharides, polysaccharide derivatives,polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylalcohol derivatives and mixtures thereof.

In yet another example, a textured fibrous structure of the presentinvention may comprise two outer layers consisting of 100% by weightfilaments and an inner layer consisting of 100% by weight fibers.

In another example of a textured fibrous structure in accordance withthe present invention, instead of being layers of fibrous structure 10,the material forming layers 32, 34, and 36, may be in the form of plieswherein two or more of the plies may be combined to form a texturedfibrous structure. The plies may be bonded together, such as by thermalbonding and/or adhesive bonding, to form a multi-ply textured fibrousstructure.

Another example of a textured fibrous structure of the present inventionin accordance with the present invention is shown in FIG. 15. Thetextured fibrous structure 10 may comprise two or more plies, whereinone ply 38 comprises any suitable textured fibrous structure inaccordance with the present invention, for example textured fibrousstructure 10 as shown and described in FIGS. 11 and 12 and another ply40 comprising any suitable fibrous structure, for example a fibrousstructure comprising filaments 28 a, such as polypropylene filaments.The fibrous structure of ply 40 may be in the form of a net and/or meshand/or other structure that comprises pores that expose one or moreportions of the textured fibrous structure 10 to an external environmentand/or at least to liquids that may come into contact, at leastinitially, with the fibrous structure of ply 40. In addition to ply 40,the textured fibrous structure 10 may further comprise ply 42. Ply 42may comprise a fibrous structure comprising filaments 28 b, such aspolypropylene filaments, and may be the same or different from thefibrous structure of ply 40.

Two or more of the plies 38, 40, and 42 may be bonded together, such asby thermal bonding and/or adhesive bonding, to form a multi-ply fibrousstructure. After a bonding operation, especially a thermal bondingoperation, it may be difficult to distinguish the plies of the texturedfibrous structure 10 and the textured fibrous structure 10 may visuallyand/or physically be a similar to a layered fibrous structure in thatone would have difficulty separating the once individual plies from eachother. In one example, ply 38 may comprise a textured fibrous structurethat exhibits a basis weight of at least about 15 g/m² and/or at leastabout 20 g/m² and/or at least about 25 g/m² and/or at least about 30g/m² up to about 120 g/m² and/or 100 g/m² and/or 80 g/m² and/or 60 g/m²and the plies 40 and 42, when present, independently and individually,may comprise fibrous structures that exhibit basis weights of less thanabout 10 g/m² and/or less than about 7 g/m² and/or less than about 5g/m² and/or less than about 3 g/m² and/or less than about 2 g/m² and/orto about 0 g/m² and/or 0.5 g/m².

Plies 40 and 42, when present, may help retain the solid additives, inthis case the wood pulp fibers 30, on and/or within the textured fibrousstructure of ply 38 thus reducing lint and/or dust (as compared to asingle-ply fibrous structure comprising the textured fibrous structureof ply 38 without the plies 40 and 42) resulting from the wood pulpfibers 30 becoming free from the textured fibrous structure of ply 38.

The textured fibrous structures of the present invention may compriseany suitable amount of filaments and any suitable amount of solidadditives. For example, the textured fibrous structures may comprisefrom about 10% to about 70% and/or from about 20% to about 60% and/orfrom about 30% to about 50% by dry weight of the textured fibrousstructure of filaments and from about 90% to about 30% and/or from about80% to about 40% and/or from about 70% to about 50% by dry weight of thetextured fibrous structure of solid additives, such as wood pulp fibers.In one example, the textured fibrous structures of the present inventioncomprise filaments.

The filaments and solid additives of the present invention may bepresent in the textured fibrous structures according to the presentinvention at weight ratios of filaments to solid additives of from atleast about 1:1 and/or at least about 1:1.5 and/or at least about 1:2and/or at least about 1:2.5 and/or at least about 1:3 and/or at leastabout 1:4 and/or at least about 1:5 and/or at least about 1:7 and/or atleast about 1:10.

The textured fibrous structures of the present invention and/or anysanitary tissue products comprising such fibrous structures may besubjected to any post-processing operations such as embossingoperations, printing operations, tuft-generating operations, thermalbonding operations, ultrasonic bonding operations, perforatingoperations, surface treatment operations such as application of lotions,silicones and/or other materials, folding, and mixtures thereof.

Non-limiting examples of suitable polypropylenes for making thefilaments of the present invention are commercially available fromLyondell-Basell and Exxon-Mobil.

Any hydrophobic or non-hydrophilic materials within the fibrousstructure, such as polypropylene filaments, may be surface treatedand/or melt treated with a hydrophilic modifier. Non-limiting examplesof surface treating hydrophilic modifiers include surfactants, such asTriton X-100. Non-limiting examples of melt treating hydrophilicmodifiers that are added to the melt, such as the polypropylene melt,prior to spinning filaments, include hydrophilic modifying meltadditives such as VW351 and/or S-1416 commercially available fromPolyvel, Inc. and Irgasurf commercially available from Ciba. Thehydrophilic modifier may be associated with the hydrophobic ornon-hydrophilic material at any suitable level known in the art. In oneexample, the hydrophilic modifier is associated with the hydrophobic ornon-hydrophilic material at a level of less than about 20% and/or lessthan about 15% and/or less than about 10% and/or less than about 5%and/or less than about 3% to about 0% by dry weight of the hydrophobicor non-hydrophilic material.

The textured fibrous structures of the present invention may includeoptional additives, each, when present, at individual levels of fromabout 0% and/or from about 0.01% and/or from about 0.1% and/or fromabout 1% and/or from about 2% to about 95% and/or to about 80% and/or toabout 50% and/or to about 30% and/or to about 20% by dry weight of thefibrous structure. Non-limiting examples of optional additives includepermanent wet strength agents, temporary wet strength agents, drystrength agents such as carboxymethylcellulose and/or starch, softeningagents, lint reducing agents, opacity increasing agents, wetting agents,odor absorbing agents, perfumes, temperature indicating agents, coloragents, dyes, osmotic materials, microbial growth detection agents,antibacterial agents and mixtures thereof.

The textured fibrous structure of the present invention may itself be asanitary tissue product. It may be convolutedly wound about a core toform a roll. It may be combined with one or more other fibrousstructures as a ply to form a multi-ply sanitary tissue product. In oneexample, a co-formed fibrous structure of the present invention may beconvolutedly wound about a core to form a roll of co-formed sanitarytissue product. The rolls of sanitary tissue products may also becoreless.

The textured fibrous structures of the present invention may exhibit aLiquid Absorptive Capacity of at least 2.5 g/g and/or at least 4.0 g/gand/or at least 7 g/g and/or at least 12 g/g and/or at least 13 g/gand/or at least 13.5 g/g and/or to about 30.0 g/g and/or to about 20 g/gand/or to about 15.0 g/g as measured according to the Liquid AbsorptiveCapacity Test Method described herein.

The textured fibrous structures of the present invention may exhibit apore volume distribution such that at least 2% and/or at least 9% and/orat least 10% and/or at least 12% and/or at least 17% and/or at least 18%and/or at least 28% and/or at least 32% and/or at least 43% of the totalpore volume present in the textured fibrous structure exists in pores ofradii of from 91 μm to 140 μm as measured by the Pore VolumeDistribution Test Method described herein.

The textured fibrous structures of the present invention may exhibit apore volume distribution such that at least 2% and/or at least 9% and/orat least 10% and/or at least 12% and/or at least 17% and/or at least 18%and/or at least 20% and/or at least 28% and/or at least 32% and/or atleast 43% of the total pore volume present in the textured fibrousstructure exists in pores of radii of from 91 μm to 120 μm and/orexhibit a pore volume distribution such that less than 50% and/or lessthan 45% and/or less than 40% and/or less than 38% and/or less than 35%and/or less than 30% of the total pore volume present in the texturedfibrous structure exists in pores of radii of from 101 μm to 200 μm asmeasured by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein.In one example, the textured fibrous structures of the present inventionexhibit a pore volume distribution such that at least 20% and/or atleast 28% and/or at least 32% and/or at least 43% of the total porevolume present in the textured fibrous structure exists in pores ofradii of from 91 μm to 120 μm and exhibit a pore volume distributionsuch that less than 40% and/or less than 38% and/or less than 35% and/orless than 30% of the total pore volume present in the textured fibrousstructure exists in pores of radii of from 101 μm to 200 μm as measuredby the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein.

The textured fibrous structures of the present invention may exhibit apore volume distribution such that at least 2% and/or at least 9% and/orat least 10% and/or at least 12% and/or at least 17% and/or at least 18%and/or at least 20% and/or at least 28% and/or at least 32% and/or atleast 43% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structureexists in pores of radii of from 91 μm to 140 μm and/or exhibit a porevolume distribution such that less than 50% and/or less than 45% and/orless than 40% and/or less than 38% and/or less than 35% and/or less than30% of the total pore volume present in the textured fibrous structureexists in pores of radii of from 101 μm to 200 μm and/or exhibit a porevolume distribution such that less than 50% and/or less than 45% and/orless than 40% and/or less than 38% and/or less than 35% and/or less than30% of the total pore volume present in the textured fibrous structureexists in pores of radii of from 121 μm to 200 μm as measured by thePore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein. In anotherexample, the textured fibrous structures of the present inventionexhibit a pore volume distribution such that at least 43% of the totalpore volume present in the textured fibrous structure exists in pores ofradii of from 91 μm to 140 μm and exhibit a pore volume distributionless than 40% and/or less than 38% and/or less than 35% and/or less than30% of the total pore volume present in the textured fibrous structureexists in pores of radii of from 101 μm to 200 μm and exhibit a porevolume distribution less than 40% and/or less than 38% and/or less than35% and/or less than 30% of the total pore volume present in the fibrousstructure exists in pores of radii of from 121 μm to 200 μm as measuredby the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein.

The textured fibrous structures of the present invention may exhibit apore volume distribution such that at least 2% and/or at least 9% and/orat least 10% and/or at least 12% and/or at least 17% and/or at least 18%and/or at least 20% and/or at least 28% and/or at least 32% and/or atleast 43% of the total pore volume present in the textured fibrousstructure exists in pores of radii of from 91 μm to 140 μm and/orexhibit a pore volume distribution such that less than 50% and/or lessthan 45% and/or less than 40% and/or less than 38% and/or less than 35%and/or less than 30% of the total pore volume present in the texturedfibrous structure exists in pores of radii of from 101 μm to 200 μm asmeasured by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein.In another example, the textured fibrous structures of the presentinvention exhibit a pore volume distribution such that at least 43% ofthe total pore volume present in the textured fibrous structure existsin pores of radii of from 91 μm to 140 μm and exhibit a pore volumedistribution less than 40% and/or less than 38% and/or less than 35%and/or less than 30% of the total pore volume present in the texturedfibrous structure exists in pores of radii of from 101 μm to 200 μm asmeasured by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein.

The textured fibrous structure of the present invention may exhibit atleast a bi-modal pore volume distribution (i.e., the pore volumedistribution exhibits at least two modes).

The deformations on the surface(s) of the textured fibrous structures ofthe present invention may provide the textured fibrous structures with adifferent pressure mapping profile that what has been achievable in thepast as measured according to the Pressure Mapping Test Method describedherein.

Wipe

The textured fibrous structures, as described above, may be utilized toform a wipe. “Wipe” may be a general term to describe a piece ofmaterial, generally non-woven material, used in cleansing hard surfaces,food, inanimate objects, toys and body parts. In particular, manycurrently available wipes may be intended for the cleansing of theperianal area after defecation. Other wipes may be available for thecleansing of the face or other body parts. Multiple wipes may beattached together by any suitable method to form a mitt.

The material from which a wipe is made should be strong enough to resisttearing during normal use, yet still provide softness to the user'sskin, such as a child's tender skin. Additionally, the material shouldbe at least capable of retaining its form for the duration of the user'scleansing experience.

Wipes may be generally of sufficient dimension to allow for convenienthandling. Typically, the wipe may be cut and/or folded to suchdimensions as part of the manufacturing process. In some instances, thewipe may be cut into individual portions so as to provide separate wipeswhich are often stacked and interleaved in consumer packaging. In otherembodiments, the wipes may be in a web form where the web has been slitand folded to a predetermined width and provided with means (e.g.,perforations) to allow individual wipes to be separated from the web bya user. Suitably, an individual wipe may have a length between about 100mm and about 250 mm and a width between about 140 mm and about 250 mm.In one embodiment, the wipe may be about 200 mm long and about 180 mmwide and/or about 180 mm long and about 180 mm wide and/or about 170 mmlong and about 180 mm wide and/or about 160 mm long and about 175 mmwide. The material of the wipe may generally be soft and flexible,potentially having a structured surface to enhance its cleaningperformance.

It is also within the scope of the present invention that the wipe maybe a laminate of two or more materials. Commercially availablelaminates, or purposely built laminates would be within the scope of thepresent invention. The laminated materials may be joined or bondedtogether in any suitable fashion, such as, but not limited to,ultrasonic bonding, adhesive, glue, fusion bonding, heat bonding,thermal bonding and combinations thereof In another alternativeembodiment of the present invention the wipe may be a laminatecomprising one or more layers of nonwoven materials and one or morelayers of film. Examples of such optional films, include, but are notlimited to, polyolefin films, such as, polyethylene film. Anillustrative, but non-limiting example of a nonwoven material which is alaminate is a laminate of a 16 gsm nonwoven polypropylene and a 0.8 mm20 gsm polyethylene film.

The wipes may also be treated to improve the softness and texturethereof by processes such as hydroentanglement or spunlacing. The wipesmay be subjected to various treatments, such as, but not limited to,physical treatment, such as ring rolling, as described in U.S. Pat. No.5,143,679; structural elongation, as described in U.S. Pat. No.5,518,801; consolidation, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,914,084,6,114,263, 6,129,801 and 6,383,431; stretch aperturing, as described inU.S. Pat. Nos. 5,628,097, 5,658,639 and 5,916,661; differentialelongation, as described in WO Publication No. 2003/0028165A1; and othersolid state formation technologies as described in U.S. Publication No.2004/0131820A1 and U.S. Publication No. 2004/0265534A1 and zoneactivation and the like; chemical treatment, such as, but not limitedto, rendering part or all of the substrate hydrophobic, and/orhydrophilic, and the like; thermal treatment, such as, but not limitedto, softening of fibers by heating, thermal bonding and the like; andcombinations thereof.

Wet wipes, such as baby wipes for example, should be strong enough whenpre-moistened with a lotion to maintain integrity in use, but also softenough to give a pleasing and comfortable tactile sensation to theuser(s). In addition, wet wipes should have sufficient absorbency andporosity to be effective in cleaning the soiled skin of a user while atthe same time providing sufficient barrier to protect the user fromcontacting the soil. Protecting the user from contacting the soil, whichmay be measured according to the Soil Leak Through Test Method describedherein, creates unique “barrier” demands for fibrous structures that cannegatively affect both the fibrous structures' absorbency and lotionrelease, which may be measured by the Lotion Release Test Methoddescribed herein. Moreover, wet wipes should have absorbency propertiessuch that each wipe of a stack remains wet during extended storageperiods but yet at the same time easily releases lotion during use.

The wipe may exhibit a pore volume distribution such that at least 43%and/or at least 45% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or atleast 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in thefibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from 91 μm to about 140μm as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method describedherein

The wipe may exhibit a pore volume distribution such that at least 30%and/or at least 40% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or atleast 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in thefibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 121 μm toabout 200 μm as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Methoddescribed herein

The wipe may exhibit a pore volume distribution such that at least 50%and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the totalpore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radiiof from about 101 μm to about 200 μm as determined by the Pore VolumeDistribution Test Method described herein

The wipe may exhibit a pore volume distribution such that at least 30%and/or at least 40% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or atleast 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in thefibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 121 μm toabout 200 μm as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Methoddescribed herein and exhibit a pore volume distribution such that atleast 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% ofthe total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in poresof radii of from about 101 μm to about 200 μm as determined by the PoreVolume Distribution Test Method described herein

The wipe may exhibit a pore volume distribution such that at least 30%and/or at least 40% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or atleast 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in thefibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 121 μm toabout 200 μm as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Methoddescribed herein and exhibit a pore volume distribution such that atleast 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% ofthe total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in poresof radii of from about 101 μm to about 200 μm as determined by the PoreVolume Distribution Test Method described herein.

The wipe may have a basis weight of at least about 30 grams/m² and/or atleast about 35 grams/m² and/or at least about 40 grams/m². In oneexample, the wipe may have a basis weight of at least about 45 grams/m².In another example, the wipe basis weight may be less than about 100grams/m². In another example, wipes may have a basis weight betweenabout 45 grams/m² and about 75 grams/m², and in yet another embodiment abasis weight between about 45 grams/m² and about 65 grams/m².

In another example of the present invention the wipe may bebiodegradable. For example the wipe could be made from a biodegradablematerial such as a polyesteramide, or high wet strength cellulose.

In one example of the present invention, the textured fibrous structurecomprises a pre-moistened wipe, such as a baby wipe. A plurality of thepre-moistened wipes may be stacked one on top of the other and may becontained in a container, such as a plastic tub or a film wrapper. Inone example, the stack of pre-moistened wipes (typically about 40 to 80wipes/stack) may exhibit a height of from about 50 to about 300 mmand/or from about 75 to about 125 mm. The pre-moistened wipes maycomprise a liquid composition, such as a lotion. The pre-moistened wipesmay be stored long term in a stack in a liquid impervious container orfilm pouch without all of the lotion draining from the top of the stackto the bottom of the stack. The pre-moistened wipes may exhibit a LiquidAbsorptive Capacity of at least 2.5 g/g and/or at least 4.0 g/g and/orat least 7 g/g and/or at least 12 g/g and/or at least 13 g/g and/or atleast 13.5 g/g and/or to about 30.0 g/g and/or to about 20 g/g and/or toabout 15.0 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive CapacityTest Method described herein.

In another example, the pre-moistened wipes may exhibit a saturationloading (g liquid composition to g of dry wipe) of from about 1.5 toabout 6.0 g/g. The liquid composition may exhibit a surface tension offrom about 20 to about 35 and/or from about 28 to about 32 dynes/cm. Thepre-moistened wipes may exhibit a dynamic absorption time (DAT) fromabout 0.01 to about 0.4 and/or from about 0.01 to about 0.2 and/or fromabout 0.03 to about 0.1 seconds as measured according to the DynamicAbsorption Time Test Method described herein.

In one example, the pre-moistened wipes are present in a stack ofpre-moistened wipes that exhibits a height of from about 50 to about 300mm and/or from about 75 to about 200 mm and/or from about 75 to about125 mm, wherein the stack of pre-moistened wipes exhibits a saturationgradient index of from about 1.0 to about 2.0 and/or from about 1.0 toabout 1.7 and/or from about 1.0 to about 1.5.

The wipes may be saturation loaded with a liquid composition to form apre-moistened fibrous structure or wipe. The loading may occurindividually, or after the fibrous structures or wipes are place in astack, such as within a liquid impervious container or packet. In oneexample, the pre-moistened wipes may be saturation loaded with fromabout 1.5 g to about 6.0 g and/or from about 2.5 g to about 4.0 g ofliquid composition per g of wipe.

The wipes may be placed in the interior of a container, which may beliquid impervious, such as a plastic tub or a sealable packet, forstorage and eventual sale to the consumer. The wipes may be folded andstacked. The wipes of the present invention may be folded in any ofvarious known folding patterns, such as C-folding, Z-folding andquarter-folding. Use of a Z-fold pattern may enable a folded stack ofwipes to be interleaved with overlapping portions. Alternatively, thewipes may include a continuous strip of material which has perforationsbetween each wipe and which may be arranged in a stack or wound into aroll for dispensing, one after the other, from a container, which may beliquid impervious.

The wipes may further comprise prints, which may provide aestheticappeal. Non-limiting examples of prints include figures, patterns,letters, pictures and combinations thereof.

Method for Making a Textured Fibrous Structure

The textured fibrous structures of the present invention may be made bysubjecting any suitable fibrous structure, such as a fibrous structurecomprising a plurality of filaments, to a deformation-creating processthat creates a plurality of discrete deformations into one or more ofthe surfaces of the fibrous structure such that a textured fibrousstructure according to the present invention is formed. Non-limitingexamples of suitable fibrous structures that can be used as the startingmaterial to form the textured fibrous structures of the presentinvention include, but are not limited to, coform fibrous structures,meltblown fibrous structures, spunbond fibrous structures,spunbond/pulp/spunbond fibrous structures, meltblown/pulp/meltblownfibrous structures, spunlace fibrous structures, and airlaid fibrousstructures.

The deformations may be imparted to one or more surfaces of the fibrousstructure by passing the fibrous structure through a nip formed by arubber roll (heated—hot or unheated—cold) and a patterned belt orpatterned roll that comprises deflection conduits into which portions ofthe rubber roll flow to create deformations in the fibrous structure.The pressure in the nip must be sufficient enough to form thedeformations in at least one surface of the fibrous structure such thata resulting textured fibrous structure according to the presentinvention is formed. In another example a steel roll (heated—hot) may beused in place of the rubber roll. In still another example, a fibrousstructure is placed between a patterned plate, such as a metal plate,and a rubber plate and pressed at a pressure of greater than 100 psiand/or greater than 250 psi and/or greater than 400 psi and/or greaterthan 500 psi and/or greater than 750 psi and/or greater than 1000 psiand/or greater than 1250 psi and/or greater than 1400 psi. The patternedplate and/or rubber plate may be heated to a temperature of greater than60° C. and/or greater than 75° C. and/or greater than 100° C. and/orgreater than 110° C. and/or greater than 125° C. and/or greater than135° C. The fibrous structure may be subjected to a preheating operationprior to entering the deformation generating operation.

Non-Limiting Example of Processes for Making a Textured FibrousStructure of the Present Invention EXAMPLE 1 Textured Coformed FibrousStructure

The following coform textured fibrous structure is manufactured on apilot line in a two-pass, direct forming process as follows: 1) makingan unconsolidated coformed core layer; 2) depositing a first scrim layeron a first surface of the coformed core layer; 3) depositing a secondscrim layer on the other side of the coformed core layer; 4) bonding thecoformed core layer and scrim layers construct to form a coformedfibrous structure; and 5) subjecting the coformed fibrous structure to adeformation generating operation to produce a textured coformed fibrousstructure.

1. Making Coformed Core Layer—A 21%:27.5%47.5%:4% blend, respectively,of PH835 polypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): Metocene MF650Wpolypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): Metocene MF650X(LyondellBasell, London, UK): White 412951 (Ampacet Corporation,Tarrytown, N.Y.) whitening agent/opacifier is dry blended, to form amelt blend. The melt blend is heated to about 405° F. through a meltextruder. A 15.5 inch wide Biax 12 row spinnerette with 192 nozzles percross-direction inch, commercially available from Biax FiberfilmCorporation, is utilized. 40 nozzles per cross-direction inch of the 192nozzles have a 0.018 inch inside diameter melt outlet hole while theremaining nozzles are plugged, i.e., there is no opening in the nozzle.Approximately 0.18 grams per (open) hole per minute (ghm) of the meltblend is extruded from the open nozzles to form meltblown filaments fromthe melt blend. Approximately 415 SCFM of compressed air is heated suchthat the air has a temperature of about 395° F. at the spinnerette.Approximately 500 g/minute of Golden Isle (from Georgia Pacific) 4825semi-treated SSK pulp (Georgia-Pacific, Atlanta, Ga.) is defibratedthrough a hammermill to form SSK wood pulp fibers. Approximately 2100SCFM Air at a temperature of about 80° F. and about 75% relativehumidity (RH) is drawn into the hammermill. The pulp is conveyed, forexample as described in copending U.S. Pat. App. Nos. 62/094,087 filedDec. 19, 2014 and 62/170,176 filed Jun. 3, 2015, using a motive air massflow of approximately 1200 SCFM via two solid additive spreaders. Thesolid additive spreaders turns the pulp fibers and distributes the pulpfibers in the cross-direction such that the pulp fibers are injectedinto the stream of meltblown filaments at a 45° angle through two 4inch×15 inch cross-direction (CD) slots. The pulp conveying ductwork andgeometry may be as described in copending U.S. Pat. App. Ser. Nos.62/170,169 and 62/170,172 both filed Jun. 3, 2015. A forming boxsurrounds the area where the meltblown filaments and pulp fibers arecommingled. This forming box is designed to reduce the amount of airallowed to enter or escape from this commingling area. The forming box,for example may be as described in U.S. Pat. App. Ser. Nos. 62/094,089filed Dec. 19, 2014 and 62/170,179 filed Jun. 3, 2015. A forming vacuumpulls air through a moving collection surface, such as a non-patternedforming belt or through-air-drying fabric, thus collecting andaccumulating the commingled meltblown filaments and pulp fibers to forma fibrous structure batt. An example of such a fabric is AlbanyInternational Electrotech F541-28I. The forming vacuum level is adjustedto prevent excessive air from escaping from the forming box. The fibrousstructure batt formed by this process comprises about 77% by dry fibrousstructure weight of pulp and about 23% by dry fibrous structure weightof meltblown filaments. The line speed is adjusted to accumulate thefiber/filament blend to reach the desired basis weight. Theunconsolidated fibrous structure batt is considered the core layer forthis example, and the core layer is gathered on a storage roll for laterunwinding.

2. First Scrim Layer—A 21%:27.5%:47.5%:4% blend, respectively, of PH835polypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): Metocene MF650Wpolypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): PP3546 polypropylene(ExxonMobil, Irving, Tex.): White 412951 whitening agent/opacifier(Ampacet Corporation, Tarrytown, N.Y.). The resin blend is heated to400° F. in a melt extruder. The melt extruder is used to feed the heatedresin blend to a 15.5 inch wide Biax 12 row spinneret with 192 holes percross-direction inch (Biax Fiberfilm Corporation, Greenville, Wis.)having 8 holes of the 192 holes per cross-direction inch with a 0.018inch inside diameter melt outlet hole while the remaining nozzles areplugged. The resin blend throughput in the spinneret is 0.18 grams per(open) hole per minute (ghm), i.e., 22.32 grams resin/minute through thespinneret. Compressed attenuating air is supplied to the spinneret at arate of 426 SCFM, heated such that it is at a temperature of 395° F. atthe spinneret. The attenuated filaments are water mist quenched using 2misting nozzles, one on each broad side of the filament stream, eachsupplied with air at 35 psig and sufficient water supply for a flow rateof 2.5 gallons/hour. Following mist quenching, the filaments aredirected to a first foraminous belt supplied with vacuum, operatinghorizontally and carrying the previously-formed coformed core layer(unwound from its storage roll) and controlled to move at a machinedirection speed of 92 feet/minute; the filaments are accumulated overthe coformed core layer on a first surface thereof to form the firstscrim layer at a basis weight of approximately 2 gsm.

3. Second Scrim Layer—A second scrim layer is formed by producingmeltblown filaments in the same manner as for the first scrim layer asdescribed above. Except the previously-made coformed core layer andoverlying first scrim layer are released from the first foraminous belt,turned 90° on a roller, and passed to a second foraminous belt operatingvertically (also supplied with vacuum and moving at 92 feet/minute), tocarry the coformed core layer and overlying first scrim layer, with thefirst scrim layer in facing contact with the second foraminous belt. Thefilaments for the second scrim layer are directed toward the secondforaminous belt and the exposed coformed core layer surface, to directlyform a second scrim layer overlying the exposed coformed core layersurface.

4. Bonding—Following assembly of the three layers first scrimlayer/coformed core layer/second scrim layer of the fibrous structure asdescribed above, they are conveyed to a nip between a pair of calendarbonding rollers. One bonding roller, which is heated to 250° F. at itssurface, has pattern of bonding protrusions machined thereon having abonding area of 6.2 percent. As they pass through the nip, the layersare consolidated in the z-direction and thermally bonded in the patternto form a thermally bonded coformed fibrous structure.

5. Deformation Generating Operation—The unconsolidated thermally bondedcoformed fibrous structure is then subjected to a deformation generatingoperation that results in a plurality of deformations, for exampleprotrusions and/or depressions, being generated on one or more surfacesof the thermally bonded coformed fibrous structure by placing thethermally bonded coformed fibrous structure between a patterned metalplate, for example one of the patterns shown in FIGS. 5-7, and a rubberplate and pressed at a pressure of about 1500 psi wherein the plates areheated to a temperature of about 138° C. for a time sufficient togenerate deformations in the surface(s) of the thermally bonded coformedfibrous structure that results in a textured coformed fibrous structureaccording the present invention.

EXAMPLE 2 Textured Coformed Fibrous Structure

The following coform textured fibrous structure is manufactured on apilot line in a two-pass, direct forming process as follows: 1) making aconsolidated coformed core layer; 2) depositing a first scrim layer on afirst surface of the coformed core layer; 3) depositing a second scrimlayer on the other side of the coformed core layer; 4) bonding thecoformed core layer and scrim layers construct to form a coformedfibrous structure; and 5) subjecting the coformed fibrous structure to adeformation generating operation to produce a textured coformed fibrousstructure.

1. Making Coformed Core Layer—A 21%:27.5%47.5%:4% blend, respectively,of PH835 polypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): Metocene MF650Wpolypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): Metocene MF650X(LyondellBasell, London, UK): White 412951 (Ampacet Corporation,Tarrytown, N.Y.) whitening agent/opacifier is dry blended, to form amelt blend. The melt blend is heated to about 405° F. through a meltextruder. A 15.5 inch wide Biax 12 row spinnerette with 192 nozzles percross-direction inch, commercially available from Biax FiberfilmCorporation, is utilized. 40 nozzles per cross-direction inch of the 192nozzles have a 0.018 inch inside diameter melt outlet hole while theremaining nozzles are plugged, i.e., there is no opening in the nozzle.Approximately 0.18 grams per (open) hole per minute (ghm) of the meltblend is extruded from the open nozzles to form meltblown filaments fromthe melt blend. Approximately 415 SCFM of compressed air is heated suchthat the air has a temperature of about 395° F. at the spinnerette.Approximately 500 g/minute of Golden Isle (from Georgia Pacific) 4825semi-treated SSK pulp (Georgia-Pacific, Atlanta, Ga.) is defibratedthrough a hammermill to form SSK wood pulp fibers. Approximately 2100SCFM Air at a temperature of about 80° F. and about 75% relativehumidity (RH) is drawn into the hammermill. The pulp is conveyed, forexample as described in copending U.S. Pat. App. Nos. 62/094,087 filedDec. 19, 2014 and 62/170,176 filed Jun. 3, 2015, using a motive air massflow of approximately 1200 SCFM via two solid additive spreaders. Thesolid additive spreaders turns the pulp fibers and distributes the pulpfibers in the cross-direction such that the pulp fibers are injectedinto the stream of meltblown filaments at a 45° angle through two 4inch×15 inch cross-direction (CD) slots. The pulp conveying ductwork andgeometry may be as described in copending U.S. Pat. App. Ser. Nos.62/170,169 and 62/170,172 both filed Jun. 3, 2015. A forming boxsurrounds the area where the meltblown filaments and pulp fibers arecommingled. This forming box is designed to reduce the amount of airallowed to enter or escape from this commingling area. The forming box,for example may be as described in U.S. Pat. App. Ser. Nos. 62/094,089filed Dec. 19, 2014 and 62/170,179 filed Jun. 3, 2015. A forming vacuumpulls air through a moving collection surface, such as a non-patternedforming belt or through-air-drying fabric, thus collecting andaccumulating the commingled meltblown filaments and pulp fibers to forma fibrous structure batt. An example of such a fabric is AlbanyInternational Electrotech F541-28I. The forming vacuum level is adjustedto prevent excessive air from escaping from the forming box. The fibrousstructure batt formed by this process comprises about 77% by dry fibrousstructure weight of pulp and about 23% by dry fibrous structure weightof meltblown filaments. The line speed is adjusted to accumulate thefiber/filament blend to reach the desired basis weight. The fibrousstructure batt while carried on the fabric is then consolidated bypassing it through a pair of calender rollers under a pressure of 40 psiand at a temperature of about 275°, forming a core layer, and the corelayer is gathered on a storage roll for later unwinding.

2. First Scrim Layer—A 21%:27.5%:47.5%:4% blend, respectively, of PH835polypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): Metocene MF650Wpolypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): PP3546 polypropylene(ExxonMobil, Irving, Tex.): White 412951 whitening agent/opacifier(Ampacet Corporation, Tarrytown, N.Y.). The resin blend is heated to400° F. in a melt extruder. The melt extruder is used to feed the heatedresin blend to a 15.5 inch wide Biax 12 row spinneret with 192 holes percross-direction inch (Biax Fiberfilm Corporation, Greenville, Wis.)having 8 holes of the 192 holes per cross-direction inch with a 0.018inch inside diameter melt outlet hole while the remaining nozzles areplugged. The resin blend throughput in the spinneret is 0.18 grams per(open) hole per minute (ghm), i.e., 22.32 grams resin/minute through thespinneret. Compressed attenuating air is supplied to the spinneret at arate of 426 SCFM, heated such that it is at a temperature of 395° F. atthe spinneret. The attenuated filaments are water mist quenched using 2misting nozzles, one on each broad side of the filament stream, eachsupplied with air at 35 psig and sufficient water supply for a flow rateof 2.5 gallons/hour. Following mist quenching, the filaments aredirected to a first foraminous belt supplied with vacuum, operatinghorizontally and carrying the previously-formed coformed core layer(unwound from its storage roll) and controlled to move at a machinedirection speed of 92 feet/minute; the filaments are accumulated overthe coformed core layer on a first surface thereof to form the firstscrim layer at a basis weight of approximately 2 gsm.

3. Second Scrim Layer—A second scrim layer is formed by producingmeltblown filaments in the same manner as for the first scrim layer asdescribed above. Except the previously-made coformed core layer andoverlying first scrim layer are released from the first foraminous belt,turned 90° on a roller, and passed to a second foraminous belt operatingvertically (also supplied with vacuum and moving at 92 feet/minute), tocarry the coformed core layer and overlying first scrim layer, with thefirst scrim layer in facing contact with the second foraminous belt. Thefilaments for the second scrim layer are directed toward the secondforaminous belt and the exposed coformed core layer surface, to directlyform a second scrim layer overlying the exposed coformed core layersurface.

4. Bonding—Following assembly of the three layers first scrimlayer/coformed core layer/second scrim layer of the fibrous structure asdescribed above, they are conveyed to a nip between a pair of calendarbonding rollers. One bonding roller, which is heated to 250° F. at itssurface, has pattern of bonding protrusions machined thereon having abonding area of 6.2 percent. As they pass through the nip, the layersare consolidated in the z-direction and thermally bonded in the patternto form a thermally bonded coformed fibrous structure.

5. Deformation Generating Operation—The consolidated thermally bondedcoformed fibrous structure is then subjected to a deformation generatingoperation that results in a plurality of deformations, for exampleprotrusions and/or depressions, being generated on one or more surfacesof the thermally bonded coformed fibrous structure by placing thethermally bonded coformed fibrous structure between a patterned metalplate, for example one of the patterns shown in FIGS. 5-7, and a rubberplate and pressed at a pressure of about 1500 psi wherein the plates areheated to a temperature of about 138° C. for a time sufficient togenerate deformations in the surface(s) of the thermally bonded coformedfibrous structure that results in a textured coformed fibrous structureaccording the present invention.

EXAMPLE 3 Textured Coformed Fibrous Structure

The following coform textured fibrous structure is manufactured on apilot line in a two-pass, direct forming process as follows: 1) makingan unconsolidated coformed core layer; 2) depositing a first scrim layeron a first surface of the coformed core layer; 3) depositing a secondscrim layer on the other side of the coformed core layer; 4) bonding thecoformed core layer and scrim layers construct to form a coformedfibrous structure; and 5) subjecting the coformed fibrous structure to adeformation generating operation to produce a textured coformed fibrousstructure.

1. Making Coformed Core Layer—A 21%:27.5%47.5%:4% blend, respectively,of PH835 polypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): Metocene MF650Wpolypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): Metocene MF650X(LyondellBasell, London, UK): White 412951 (Ampacet Corporation,Tarrytown, N.Y.) whitening agent/opacifier is dry blended, to form amelt blend. The melt blend is heated to about 405° F. through a meltextruder. A 15.5 inch wide Biax 12 row spinnerette with 192 nozzles percross-direction inch, commercially available from Biax FiberfilmCorporation, is utilized. 40 nozzles per cross-direction inch of the 192nozzles have a 0.018 inch inside diameter melt outlet hole while theremaining nozzles are plugged, i.e., there is no opening in the nozzle.Approximately 0.18 grams per (open) hole per minute (ghm) of the meltblend is extruded from the open nozzles to form meltblown filaments fromthe melt blend. Approximately 415 SCFM of compressed air is heated suchthat the air has a temperature of about 395° F. at the spinnerette.Approximately 500 g/minute of Golden Isle (from Georgia Pacific) 4825semi-treated SSK pulp (Georgia-Pacific, Atlanta, Ga.) is defibratedthrough a hammermill to form SSK wood pulp fibers. Approximately 2100SCFM Air at a temperature of about 80° F. and about 75% relativehumidity (RH) is drawn into the hammermill. The pulp is conveyed, forexample as described in copending U.S. Pat. App. Nos. 62/094,087 filedDec. 19, 2014 and 62/170,176 filed Jun. 3, 2015, using a motive air massflow of approximately 1200 SCFM via two solid additive spreaders. Thesolid additive spreaders turns the pulp fibers and distributes the pulpfibers in the cross-direction such that the pulp fibers are injectedinto the stream of meltblown filaments at a 45° angle through two 4inch×15 inch cross-direction (CD) slots. The pulp conveying ductwork andgeometry may be as described in copending U.S. Pat. App. Ser. Nos.62/170,169 and 62/170,172 both filed Jun. 3, 2015. A forming boxsurrounds the area where the meltblown filaments and pulp fibers arecommingled. This forming box is designed to reduce the amount of airallowed to enter or escape from this commingling area. The forming box,for example may be as described in U.S. Pat. App. Ser. Nos. 62/094,089filed Dec. 19, 2014 and 62/170,179 filed Jun. 3, 2015. A forming vacuumpulls air through a moving collection surface, such as a non-patternedforming belt or through-air-drying fabric, thus collecting andaccumulating the commingled meltblown filaments and pulp fibers to forma fibrous structure batt. An example of such a fabric is AlbanyInternational Electrotech F541-28I. The forming vacuum level is adjustedto prevent excessive air from escaping from the forming box. The fibrousstructure batt formed by this process comprises about 77% by dry fibrousstructure weight of pulp and about 23% by dry fibrous structure weightof meltblown filaments. The line speed is adjusted to accumulate thefiber/filament blend to reach the desired basis weight. Theunconsolidated fibrous structure batt is considered the core layer forthis example, and the core layer is gathered on a storage roll for laterunwinding.

2. First Scrim Layer—A 21%:27.5%:47.5%:4% blend, respectively, of PH835polypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): Metocene MF650Wpolypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): PP3546 polypropylene(ExxonMobil, Irving, Tex.): White 412951 whitening agent/opacifier(Ampacet Corporation, Tarrytown, N.Y.). The resin blend is heated to400° F. in a melt extruder. The melt extruder is used to feed the heatedresin blend to a 15.5 inch wide Biax 12 row spinneret with 192 holes percross-direction inch (Biax Fiberfilm Corporation, Greenville, Wis.)having 8 holes of the 192 holes per cross-direction inch with a 0.018inch inside diameter melt outlet hole while the remaining nozzles areplugged. The resin blend throughput in the spinneret is 0.18 grams per(open) hole per minute (ghm), i.e., 22.32 grams resin/minute through thespinneret. Compressed attenuating air is supplied to the spinneret at arate of 426 SCFM, heated such that it is at a temperature of 395° F. atthe spinneret. The attenuated filaments are water mist quenched using 2misting nozzles, one on each broad side of the filament stream, eachsupplied with air at 35 psig and sufficient water supply for a flow rateof 2.5 gallons/hour. Following mist quenching, the filaments aredirected to a first foraminous belt supplied with vacuum, operatinghorizontally and carrying the previously-formed coformed core layer(unwound from its storage roll) and controlled to move at a machinedirection speed of 92 feet/minute; the filaments are accumulated overthe coformed core layer on a first surface thereof to form the firstscrim layer at a basis weight of approximately 2 gsm.

3. Second Scrim Layer—A second scrim layer is formed by producingmeltblown filaments in the same manner as for the first scrim layer asdescribed above. Except the previously-made coformed core layer andoverlying first scrim layer are released from the first foraminous belt,turned 90° on a roller, and passed to a second foraminous belt operatingvertically (also supplied with vacuum and moving at 92 feet/minute), tocarry the coformed core layer and overlying first scrim layer, with thefirst scrim layer in facing contact with the second foraminous belt. Thefilaments for the second scrim layer are directed toward the secondforaminous belt and the exposed coformed core layer surface, to directlyform a second scrim layer overlying the exposed coformed core layersurface.

4. Bonding—Following assembly of the three layers first scrimlayer/coformed core layer/second scrim layer of the fibrous structure asdescribed above, they are conveyed to a nip between a pair of calendarbonding rollers. One bonding roller, which is heated to 250° F. at itssurface, has pattern of bonding protrusions machined thereon having abonding area of 6.2 percent. As they pass through the nip, the layersare consolidated in the z-direction and thermally bonded in the patternto form a thermally bonded coformed fibrous structure.

5. Deformation Generating Operation—The unconsolidated thermally bondedcoformed fibrous structure is then subjected to a deformation generatingoperation that results in a plurality of deformations, for exampleprotrusions and/or depressions, being generated on one or more surfacesof the thermally bonded coformed fibrous structure by placing thethermally bonded coformed fibrous structure between two plates (Plate Aand Plate B). In one example, Plate A has a texture and Plate B is flat.Plate A and Plate B could be both made of metal, or polymer, or oneanother, or other materials. Plate A and Plate B could be both hot, orcold, or one another. In another example, both Plate A and Plate B havetextures. The textures of Plate A and Plate B can be same or different.For the case that both Plate A and Plate B have the same textures, thetextures of Plate A and Plate B could be aligned or be off from eachother during consolidation. Plate A and Plate B could be both made ofmetal, or polymer, or one another, or other materials. Plate A and PlateB could be both hot, or cold, or one another. The pattern on Plate Aand/or Plate B may be one of the patterns shown in FIGS. 5-7. A press isapplied to the plates at a pressure of about 1500 psi wherein the platesare heated to a temperature of about 138° C. for a time sufficient togenerate deformations in the surface(s) of the thermally bonded coformedfibrous structure that results in a textured coformed fibrous structureaccording the present invention.

EXAMPLE 4 Textured Coformed Fibrous Structure

The following coform textured fibrous structure is manufactured on apilot line in a two-pass, direct forming process as follows: 1) making aconsolidated coformed core layer; 2) depositing a first scrim layer on afirst surface of the coformed core layer; 3) depositing a second scrimlayer on the other side of the coformed core layer; 4) bonding thecoformed core layer and scrim layers construct to form a coformedfibrous structure; and 5) subjecting the coformed fibrous structure to adeformation generating operation to produce a textured coformed fibrousstructure.

1. Making Coformed Core Layer—A 21%:27.5%47.5%:4% blend, respectively,of PH835 polypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): Metocene MF650Wpolypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): Metocene MF650X(LyondellBasell, London, UK): White 412951 (Ampacet Corporation,Tarrytown, N.Y.) whitening agent/opacifier is dry blended, to form amelt blend. The melt blend is heated to about 405° F. through a meltextruder. A 15.5 inch wide Biax 12 row spinnerette with 192 nozzles percross-direction inch, commercially available from Biax FiberfilmCorporation, is utilized. 40 nozzles per cross-direction inch of the 192nozzles have a 0.018 inch inside diameter melt outlet hole while theremaining nozzles are plugged, i.e., there is no opening in the nozzle.Approximately 0.18 grams per (open) hole per minute (ghm) of the meltblend is extruded from the open nozzles to form meltblown filaments fromthe melt blend. Approximately 415 SCFM of compressed air is heated suchthat the air has a temperature of about 395° F. at the spinnerette.Approximately 500 g/minute of Golden Isle (from Georgia Pacific) 4825semi-treated SSK pulp (Georgia-Pacific, Atlanta, Ga.) is defibratedthrough a hammermill to form SSK wood pulp fibers. Approximately 2100SCFM Air at a temperature of about 80° F. and about 75% relativehumidity (RH) is drawn into the hammermill. The pulp is conveyed, forexample as described in copending U.S. Pat. App. Nos. 62/094,087 filedDec. 19, 2014 and 62/170,176 filed Jun. 3, 2015, using a motive air massflow of approximately 1200 SCFM via two solid additive spreaders. Thesolid additive spreaders turns the pulp fibers and distributes the pulpfibers in the cross-direction such that the pulp fibers are injectedinto the stream of meltblown filaments at a 45° angle through two 4inch×15 inch cross-direction (CD) slots. The pulp conveying ductwork andgeometry may be as described in copending U.S. Pat. App. Ser. Nos.62/170,169 and 62/170,172 both filed Jun. 3, 2015. A forming boxsurrounds the area where the meltblown filaments and pulp fibers arecommingled. This forming box is designed to reduce the amount of airallowed to enter or escape from this commingling area. The forming box,for example may be as described in U.S. Pat. App. Ser. Nos. 62/094,089filed Dec. 19, 2014 and 62/170,179 filed Jun. 3, 2015. A forming vacuumpulls air through a moving collection surface, such as a non-patternedforming belt or through-air-drying fabric, thus collecting andaccumulating the commingled meltblown filaments and pulp fibers to forma fibrous structure batt. An example of such a fabric is AlbanyInternational Electrotech F541-28I. The forming vacuum level is adjustedto prevent excessive air from escaping from the forming box. The fibrousstructure batt formed by this process comprises about 77% by dry fibrousstructure weight of pulp and about 23% by dry fibrous structure weightof meltblown filaments. The line speed is adjusted to accumulate thefiber/filament blend to reach the desired basis weight. The fibrousstructure batt while carried on the fabric is then consolidated bypassing it through a pair of calender rollers under a pressure of 40 psiand at a temperature of about 275°, forming a core layer, and the corelayer is gathered on a storage roll for later unwinding.

2. First Scrim Layer—A 21%:27.5%:47.5%:4% blend, respectively, of PH835polypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): Metocene MF650Wpolypropylene (LyondellBasell, London, UK): PP3546 polypropylene(ExxonMobil, Irving, Tex.): White 412951 whitening agent/opacifier(Ampacet Corporation, Tarrytown, N.Y.). The resin blend is heated to400° F. in a melt extruder. The melt extruder is used to feed the heatedresin blend to a 15.5 inch wide Biax 12 row spinneret with 192 holes percross-direction inch (Biax Fiberfilm Corporation, Greenville, Wis.)having 8 holes of the 192 holes per cross-direction inch with a 0.018inch inside diameter melt outlet hole while the remaining nozzles areplugged. The resin blend throughput in the spinneret is 0.18 grams per(open) hole per minute (ghm), i.e., 22.32 grams resin/minute through thespinneret. Compressed attenuating air is supplied to the spinneret at arate of 426 SCFM, heated such that it is at a temperature of 395° F. atthe spinneret. The attenuated filaments are water mist quenched using 2misting nozzles, one on each broad side of the filament stream, eachsupplied with air at 35 psig and sufficient water supply for a flow rateof 2.5 gallons/hour. Following mist quenching, the filaments aredirected to a first foraminous belt supplied with vacuum, operatinghorizontally and carrying the previously-formed coformed core layer(unwound from its storage roll) and controlled to move at a machinedirection speed of 92 feet/minute; the filaments are accumulated overthe coformed core layer on a first surface thereof to form the firstscrim layer at a basis weight of approximately 2 gsm.

3. Second Scrim Layer—A second scrim layer is formed by producingmeltblown filaments in the same manner as for the first scrim layer asdescribed above. Except the previously-made coformed core layer andoverlying first scrim layer are released from the first foraminous belt,turned 90° on a roller, and passed to a second foraminous belt operatingvertically (also supplied with vacuum and moving at 92 feet/minute), tocarry the coformed core layer and overlying first scrim layer, with thefirst scrim layer in facing contact with the second foraminous belt. Thefilaments for the second scrim layer are directed toward the secondforaminous belt and the exposed coformed core layer surface, to directlyform a second scrim layer overlying the exposed coformed core layersurface.

4. Bonding—Following assembly of the three layers first scrimlayer/coformed core layer/second scrim layer of the fibrous structure asdescribed above, they are conveyed to a nip between a pair of calendarbonding rollers. One bonding roller, which is heated to 250° F. at itssurface, has pattern of bonding protrusions machined thereon having abonding area of 6.2 percent. As they pass through the nip, the layersare consolidated in the z-direction and thermally bonded in the patternto form a thermally bonded coformed fibrous structure.

5. Deformation Generating Operation—The consolidated thermally bondedcoformed fibrous structure is then subjected to a deformation generatingoperation that results in a plurality of deformations, for exampleprotrusions and/or depressions, being generated on one or more surfacesof the thermally bonded coformed fibrous structure by placing thethermally bonded coformed fibrous structure between two plates (Plate Aand Plate B). In one example, Plate A has a texture and Plate B is flat.Plate A and Plate B could be both made of metal, or polymer, or oneanother, or other materials. Plate A and Plate B could be both hot, orcold, or one another. In another example, both Plate A and Plate B havetextures. The textures of Plate A and Plate B can be same or different.For the case that both Plate A and Plate B have the same textures, thetextures of Plate A and Plate B could be aligned or be off from eachother during consolidation. Plate A and Plate B could be both made ofmetal, or polymer, or one another, or other materials. Plate A and PlateB could be both hot, or cold, or one another. The pattern on Plate Aand/or Plate B may be one of the patterns shown in FIGS. 5-7. A press isapplied to the plates at a pressure of about 1500 psi wherein the platesare heated to a temperature of about 138° C. for a time sufficient togenerate deformations in the surface(s) of the thermally bonded coformedfibrous structure that results in a textured coformed fibrous structureaccording the present invention.

EXAMPLE 5 Textured Airlaid Fibrous Structure

An airlaid fibrous structure may be made by any suitable airlayingprocess, for example by depositing individual fibers on a formaminoussurface via an airlaid device. These fibers can include, but are notlimited to traditional pulp fibers, staple fibers, thermoplastic, andbicomponent fibers. After the individual fibers are laid on theforaminous surface they are bound together by any suitable means. Theapplication and subsequent drying of liquid latex, for example, is usedin the production of Latex Bonded Air Laid (LBAL) fibrous structures.Thermal bonding of the fibrous structure via heat and pressureconsolidating thermoplastic fibers laid down in the beginning of theprocess creates Thermal Bonded Air Laid (TBAL) fibrous structures. Acombination of the LBAL and TBAL processes creates Multi-Bonded Air Laid(MBAL) fibrous structures.

The airlaid fibrous structure is then subjected to a deformationgenerating operation that results in a plurality of deformations, forexample protrusions and/or depressions, being generated on one or moresurfaces of the airlaid fibrous structure by placing the airlaid fibrousstructure between a patterned metal plate, for example one of thepatterns shown in FIGS. 5-7, and a rubber plate and pressed at apressure of about 1500 psi wherein the plates are heated to atemperature of about 138° C. for a time sufficient to generatedeformations in the surface(s) of the airlaid fibrous structure thatresults in a textured airlaid fibrous structure according the presentinvention.

EXAMPLE 6 Textured Spunlaced Fibrous Structure

A spunlaced fibrous structure may be made by any suitable spunlacingprocess, for example by mixing staple fibers. The staple fibers areformed into a web of a desired basis weight by using carding technologywell known in the industry, for example a Double Excelle Variothree-doffer card from NSC Nonwoven, 59336 TOURCOING CEDEX, France. Thecarded webs are then consolidated by using hydroentanglement technologywell known in the industry, for example a JETlace®3000 from RieterPerfojet (F-38330 Montbonnot—France) with a working width of 500 mm,with or without hydromolding. The hydroentanglement system has apre-wetting conveyor and three cylinders with two injectors each. Intotal three injectors (two on the first cylinder and one on the secondcylinder) are used for consolidation and strength generation. Each jetis equipped with 120 micron strips with 42 holes/inch. The webs aredried by using through air drying technology well known in the industry,for example a PERFOdry3000 with a roll diameter of 2000 mm from RieterPerfojet, to form a spunlaced fibrous structure.

The spunlaced fibrous structure is then subjected to a deformationgenerating operation that results in a plurality of deformations, forexample protrusions and/or depressions, being generated on one or moresurfaces of the spunlaced fibrous structure by placing the spunlacedfibrous structure between a patterned metal plate, for example one ofthe patterns shown in FIGS. 5-7, and a rubber plate and pressed at apressure of about 1500 psi wherein the plates are heated to atemperature of about 138° C. for a time sufficient to generatedeformations in the surface(s) of the spunlaced fibrous structure thatresults in a textured spunlaced fibrous structure according the presentinvention.

EXAMPLE 7 Textured Spunbond/Pulp/Spunbond Fibrous Structure

A spunbond fibrous structure may be made by any suitable spunbondingprocess, for example by spinning a spunbond web onto a forming fabric.Pulp may be deposited onto the spunbond web after spinning the spunbondweb and/or during spinning of the spunond web. One or more additionalwebs, for example spunbond and/or meltblown webs, may be added to thespunbond/pulp structure by any suitable spunbond and/or meltblownprocess to sandwich the pulp between the first spunbond web and theadditional web to form a spunbond/pulp/spunbond fibrous structure forexample. The spunbond/pulp/spunbond fibrous structure may be thermallybonded by any suitable thermal bonding process and any suitable thermalbonding pattern.

The spunbond/pulp/spunbond fibrous structure is then subjected to adeformation generating operation that results in a plurality ofdeformations, for example protrusions and/or depressions, beinggenerated on one or more surfaces of the spunbond/pulp/spunbond fibrousstructure by placing the spunbond/pulp/spunbond fibrous structurebetween a patterned metal plate, for example one of the patterns shownin FIGS. 5-7, and a rubber plate and pressed at a pressure of about 1500psi wherein the plates are heated to a temperature of about 138° C. fora time sufficient to generate deformations in the surface(s) of thespunbond/pulp/spunbond fibrous structure that results in a texturedspunbond/pulp/spunbond fibrous structure according the presentinvention.

EXAMPLE 8 Pre-Moistened Wipe

A pre-moistened wipe according to the present invention is prepared asfollows. A textured fibrous structure of the present invention, forexample a textured fibrous structure according to Examples 1 to 7, ofabout 44 g/m² is saturation loaded with a liquid composition accordingto the present invention to an average saturation loading of about 358%of the basis weight of the wipe. The wipes are then Z-folded and placedin a stack to a height of about 82 mm.

EXAMPLE 9 Pre-Moistened Wipe

A pre-moistened wipe according to the present invention is prepared asfollows. A textured fibrous structure of the present invention, forexample a textured fibrous structure according to Examples 1 to 7, ofabout 61 g/m² is saturation loaded with a liquid composition accordingto the present invention to an average saturation loading of about 347%of the basis weight of the wipe. The wipes are then Z-folded and placedin a stack to a height of about 82 mm.

EXAMPLE 10 Pre-Moistened Wipe

A pre-moistened wipe according to the present invention is prepared asfollows. A textured fibrous structure of the present invention, forexample a textured fibrous structure according to Examples 1 to 7, ofabout 65 g/m² is saturation loaded with a liquid composition accordingto the present invention to an average saturation loading of about 347%of the basis weight of the wipe. The wipes are then Z-folded and placedin a stack to a height of about 82 mm.

Test Methods

Unless otherwise indicated, all tests described herein including thosedescribed under the Definitions section and the following test methodsare conducted on samples that have been conditioned in a conditionedroom at a temperature of 23° C.±2.2° C. and a relative humidity of50%±10% for 24 hours prior to the test. All tests are conducted in suchconditioned room.

For the dry test methods described herein (Liquid Absorptive Capacity,Pore Volume Distribution, Basis Weight, and Dynamic Absorption Time), ifthe fibrous structure or wipe comprises a liquid composition such thatthe fibrous structure or wipe exhibits a moisture level of about 100% orgreater by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe, then the followingpre-conditioning procedure needs to be performed on the fibrousstructure or wipe before testing. If the fibrous structure or wipecomprises a liquid composition such that the fibrous structure or wipeexhibits a moisture level of less than about 100% by weight but greaterthan about 10% by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe, dry thefibrous structure or wipe in an oven at 85° C. until the fibrousstructure or wipe contains less than 3% moisture by weight of thefibrous structure or wipe prior to completing the dry test methods.

To pre-condition a fibrous structure or wipe comprising a moisture levelof about 100% or greater by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe usethe following procedure. Fully saturate the fibrous structure or wipe byimmersing the fibrous structure or wipe sequentially in 2 L of freshdistilled water in each of 5 buckets, where the water is at atemperature of 23° C.±2.2° C. Gently, agitate the fibrous structure orwipe in the water by moving the fibrous structure or wipe from one sideof each bucket to the other at least 5 times, but no more than 10 timesfor 20 seconds in each of the 5 buckets. Remove the fibrous structure orwipe and then place horizontally in an oven at 85° C. until the fibrousstructure or wipe contains less than 3% moisture by weight of thefibrous structure or wipe. After the fibrous structure or wipe exhibitsless than 3% moisture, remove from the oven and allow the fibrousstructure or wipe to equilibrate to about 23° C.±2.2° C. and a relativehumidity of 50%±10% for 24 hours prior to the testing. Care needs to betaken to ensure that the fibrous structure and/or wipe is notcompressed.

For the wet test methods described herein (Soil Leak Through, CD WetInitial Tensile Strength, Lotion Release, Saturation Loading, andSaturation Gradient Index), if the fibrous structure or wipe comprises amoisture level of 0% to less than about 100% by weight of the fibrousstructure or wipe, then the following pre-conditioning procedure needsto be performed on the fibrous structure or wipe prior to testing. Ifthe fibrous structure or wipe comprises a moisture level of about 100%or greater, then the following pre-conditioning procedure is notperformed on the fibrous structure or wipe.

To pre-condition a fibrous structure or wipe comprising a moisture levelof 0% to less than about 100% by weight of the fibrous structure orwipe, add an amount of distilled water to the fibrous structure or wipeto achieve a 3.5 g/g saturation loading on the fibrous structure orwipe.

After the fibrous structure or wipe is saturation loaded to a 3.5 g/gsaturation loading, allow the fibrous structure or wipe to equilibrateto about 23° C.±2.2° C. and a relative humidity of 50%±10% for 24 hoursprior to the testing. Care needs to be taken to ensure that the fibrousstructure and/or wipe is not compressed.

Surface Height Test/Element Characterization Test Method

Substrate surface Sa, Sq and Sk parameters, pattern element dimensionand inter-element distance measurements are obtained using a GFMMikroCAD Premium instrument commercially available from GFMesstechnikGmbH, Teltow/Berlin, Germany, or equivalent. The system includes thefollowing main components: a) a Digital Light Processing (DLP) projectorwith direct digital controlled micro-mirrors; b) a CCD camera with atleast a 1600×1200 pixel resolution; c) projection optics adapted to ameasuring area of at least 60 mm×45 mm; d) recording optics adapted to ameasuring area of 60 mm×45 mm; e) a table tripod based on a small hardstone plate; f) a blue LED light source; g) a measuring, control, andevaluation computer running ODSCAD software (version 6.2, orequivalent); and h) calibration plates for lateral (x-y) and vertical(z) calibration available from the vendor.

The GFM MikroCAD Premium system measures the surface height of a sampleusing the digital micro-mirror pattern fringe projection technique. Theresult of the analysis is a map of surface height (z-directional orz-axis) versus displacement in the x-y plane. The system has a field ofview of 60×45 mm with an x-y pixel resolution of approximately 40microns. The height resolution is set at 0.5 micron/count, with a heightrange of +/−15 mm. All testing is performed in a conditioned roommaintained at about 23±2° C. and about 50±2% relative humidity.

To obtain the samples to be measured, open a new package of wet wipesand remove the entire stack from the package. Discard the first 5 wipesfrom the top and bottom of the stack, and then remove 2 wipe samplesfrom the top, middle and bottom of the stack, for a total of 6 wipesamples to be analyzed per package. A total of three packages should bemeasured, for a total of 18 samples. Lay all of the samples out flat andallow them to completely dry prior to testing.

Calibrate the instrument according to manufacturer's specificationsusing the calibration plates for lateral (x-y axis) and vertical (zaxis) available from the vendor.

Place specimen on the table beneath the camera. Center the specimenwithin the camera field of view, so that only the specimen surface isvisible in the image. Place a steel frame (100 mm square, 1.5 mm thickwith an opening 70 mm square) on the sample to ensure the specimen laysflat with minimal wrinkles, and still allows for an unobstructed accessto the surface area being scanned.

Collect a height image (z-direction) of the specimen by following theinstrument manufacturer's recommended measurement procedures. Select theTechnical Surface/Standard measurement program with the followingoperating parameters: Utilization of fast picture recording with a 3frame delay. Dual phaseshifts are used with 1) 16 pixel stripe widthwith a picture count of 12 and 2) 32 pixel stripe width with a picturecount of 8. A full Graycode starting with pixel 2 and ending with pixel512. No filtering or pre-filtering options should be utilized. Afterselection of the measurement program, continue to follow the instrumentmanufacturer's recommended procedures for focusing the measurementsystem and performing the brightness adjustment. Perform the 3Dmeasurement then save the height image and camera image files.

a. Sa, Sq and Sk Measurements:

Sa and Sq are described in ISO 25178-2:2012. Sa is the average of theabsolute values of the profile heights of the roughness surface, and Sqis the root mean square of the profile heights of the roughness surface.The parameter Sk is derived from the Areal Material Ratio(Abbott-Firestone) curve described in ISO 13565-2:1996 standardextrapolated to surfaces, it is the cumulative curve of the surfaceheight distribution histogram versus the range of surface heights. TheCore Roughness Depth, Sk, is the height difference between the materialratios Mn1 and Mr2 as read off of the Areal Material Ratio curve. Mr1set to 10%, is the material ratio which separates the protruding peaksfrom the core roughness region. Mr2, set to 90%, is the material ratiowhich separates the deep valleys from the core roughness region.

Load the height image into the analysis portion of the software via theclipboard. The following filtering procedure is then performed on eachimage: 1) removal of invalid points; 2) 3×3 pixel median filter toremove noise. Open the window to calculate surface roughness parameters.Set the wavelength limit for the Gaussian high pass filter to 25 mm tofilter out large scale waviness in the sample. Calculate the roughnessparameters using only a planar automatic alignment and Gaussian highpass areal filter with a repeat number of 1. Record the surfaceroughness values for Sa, Sq and Sk to the nearest 0.1 μm. Save a copy ofthe filtered roughness image. Repeat this procedure for the remainingreplicate samples. Average together the 18 replicate Sa, Sq and Skmeasures and report these values to the nearest 0.1 μm.

b. Pattern Element Dimension Measurements

The pattern element dimension measurements are obtained by analysis of abinary image where all of the regions in the filtered roughness imageabove the threshold height value are black and those below are white. Togenerate the binary image, first open the filtered roughness image,which was produced by taking the original height image through thefollowing filtering/flattening procedure: 1) removal of invalid points;2) 3×3 pixel median filter to remove noise; 3) planar alignment; and 4)Gaussian high pass areal filter with a wavelength limit of 25 mm. Next,open the histogram of the image and identify the 50^(th) percentileheight from the cumulative histogram. This is the height threshold forthe pattern element dimension analysis.

One skilled in the art will recognize that there are various methods toobtain a binary image where the regions in the filtered roughness imageabove the threshold height value are black and those below are white.One such method is to save a grayscale image in the ODSCAD softwarewhere the heights below the threshold value are black and those aboveare shades of gray. This is accomplished by displaying the height imageusing the grayscale color map and then manually setting the minimumz-scale value to the threshold height value (50^(th) percentile height).This step produces an image where the height values below the 50^(th)percentile are black, enabling them to be thresheld out in a later imageprocessing step. Export and save this image as a JPEG for further imageanalysis.

To complete the generation of the binary image, and analyze the patternelement dimensions, open the saved JPEG file of the grayscale heightimage in ImageJ software (v. 1.47 or equivalent, National Institute ofHealth, USA). For this analysis the resolution of the image should be16.5 pixels per mm, or 0.0606 mm per pixel. If the image is at a higherresolution, resize the number of pixels in the image to obtain thisresolution, if the image is at a lower resolution make adjustments inthe step where the JPEG image was generated to obtain a higherresolution image, and then resize the image to the correct resolution.Once the appropriate resolution has been obtained, set the scale of theimage. If necessary, crop the image so that it only contains the 60mm×45 mm field of view from the height image.

Convert the scaled and cropped image to 8-bit grayscale, display theimage histogram and determine the graylevel value nearest to the 50^(th)percentile from a cumulative histogram. Threshold the image at the50^(th) percentile graylevel (GL) value to generate a binary image. Thisstep produces a binary image thresheld at the 50^(th) percentile of theheight distribution, which separates the black pixels, representing theareas below the 50^(th) percentile height, from the gray pixels abovethat height. Initially, the binary image may display the regions abovethe height threshold as white (GL value of 0). If so, invert the imageso that the pattern elements above the threshold height will appear asblack (GL value of 255) and those below as white (GL value of 0). Next,two morphological operations are performed on the binary image. First,opening (an erosion operation followed by a dilation operation,iterations=1, count=1), which removes isolated black pixels. Second,closing (a dilation operation followed by an erosion operation,iterations=1, count=1), which fills in small holes. Lastly, use the fillholes operation to fill in any remaining voids within the patternelements. Select the analyze particles function. Set for the analysis toexclude the edge elements, so that only whole elements are measured. Setthe software to calculate to two decimal places (the nearest 0.01 mm)the following pattern element parameters: Area, Perimeter, Feret (lengthof the element), Feret Angle (angle of element length) and Minimum Feret(width of the element perpendicular to the element length). Display andsave all of these measurements for each of the individual elements. Inaddition to these measurements, an Aspect Ratio for each element can becalculated by dividing the element length by its width, as well as, aPerimeter to Area ratio. Again select the analyze particles function,but his time set the analysis to include the edge holes and record thetotal count of elements identified in the image. Repeat this procedurefor all replicate images.

c. Inter-Element Distance Measurements

The average, standard deviation and median distance between the patternelements can be measured by further analyzing the binary image that wasanalyzed for the pattern element measurements. First, obtain a duplicatecopy of the binary image, and perform a Voronoi operation. Thisgenerates an image of cells bounded by lines of points having equaldistance to the borders of the two nearest pattern elements, where thepixel values are outputs from a Euclidian distance map (EDM) of thebinary image. An EDM is generated when each inter-element pixel in thebinary image is replaced with a value equal to that pixel's distancefrom the nearest pattern element. Next, remove the background zeros toenable statistical analysis of the distance values. This is accomplishedby using the image calculator to divide the Voronoi cell image by itselfto generate a 32-bit floating point image where all of the cell lineshave a value of one, and the remaining parts of the image are identifiedas Not a Number (NaN). Lastly, using the image calculator, multiply thisimage by the original Voronoi cell image to generate a 32-bit floatingpoint image where the distance values along the cell lines remain, andall of the zero values have been replaced with NaN. Next, convert thepixel distance values into actual inter-element distances by multiplyingthe values in the image by the pixel resolution of the image (0.0606 mmper pixel), and then multiply the image again by 2 since the valuesrepresent the midpoint distance between elements. Measure and record themean, standard deviation and median inter-element distance for the imageto the nearest 0.01 mm. Repeat this procedure for all replicate images.

Pressure Mapping Test Method

This method is suitable to determine the variation in pressure that isobtained by pressing a texture, such as described in FIGS. 16 (Huggies®NC) and 17 (Pampers® Sensitive) (both commercially availablenon-textured fibrous structures) and FIG. 18 (a textured fibrousstructure according to the present invention) into another surface. Apressure mapping device from Tekscan is used (Tekscan Pressure MappingSystem) together with the I-Scan software and a pressure sensor 5027 isused. The instrument is calibrated by placing the pressure senor betweentwo hard and essentially non-deflecting plates, with the upper platesize exactly matching the size of the effective area of the sensor, withthe lower plate exceeding the size of the effective of the sensor. Theassembly, consisting of the 2 plates with the sensor between the 2plates, is then placed on a flat surface. Additional weights are thenplaced on the upper plate to obtain a desired range of known pressures.The calibration routine available in the I-scan software is then used tocalibrate the instrument. As an example, calibration weights of 0.1,0.5, and 1 pound, including the weight of the upper plate, may be usedto create a suitable range of pressures. The exact range of pressuresused for the calibration and subsequent texture characterization, shouldhowever be chosen based on the relevant pressure range for the intendedapplication or prediction.

To measure the pressure distribution generated from a particulartextured sample, a piece of the sample is first cut, using a pair ofscissors, to slightly exceed the size of the effective area of thesensor. The sensor is then placed on top of a non-deflecting hardsurface, preferably the same plate as used for the calibration describedabove. The sample is then placed on top of the sensor. The smaller plateis them placed on top of the sample, and carefully positioned to bealigned with the effective area of the sensor. Additional weights,within the range used for calibration described above, can then be addedon top of the upper plate to generate the desired total pressure.Positioning of additional weights needs to be done in such a way as notto create an uneven pressure distribution on the sample, and need to becarefully centered on top of the upper plate. The I-scan software isthen used to create a visualization of the pressure distribution, asshown in FIGS. 16-18.

Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method

The following method, which is modeled after EDANA 10.4-02, is suitableto measure the Liquid Absorptive Capacity of any fibrous structure orwipe.

Prepare 5 samples of a pre-conditioned/conditioned fibrous structure orwipe for testing so that an average Liquid Absorptive Capacity of the 5samples can be obtained.

Materials/Equipment

-   -   1. Flat stainless steel wire gauze sample holder with handle        (commercially available from Humboldt Manufacturing Company) and        flat stainless steel wire gauze (commercially available from        McMaster-Carr) having a mesh size of 20 and having an overall        size of at least 120 mm×120 mm    -   2. Dish of size suitable for submerging the sample holder, with        sample attached, in a test liquid, described below, to a depth        of approximately 20 mm    -   3. Binder Clips (commercially available from Staples) to hold        the sample in place on the sample holder    -   4. Ring stand    -   5. Balance, which reads to four decimal places    -   6. Stopwatch    -   7. Test liquid: deionized water (resistivity>18 megaohms·cm)

Procedure

Prepare 5 samples of a fibrous structure or wipe for 5 separate LiquidAbsorptive Capacity measurements. Individual test pieces are cut fromthe 5 samples to a size of approximately 100 mm×100 mm, and if anindividual test piece weighs less than 1 gram, stack test piecestogether to make sets that weigh at least 1 gram total. Fill the dishwith a sufficient quantity of the test liquid described above, and allowit to equilibrate with room test conditions. Record the mass of the testpiece(s) for the first measurement before fastening the test piece(s) tothe wire gauze sample holder described above with the clips. Whiletrying to avoid the creation of air bubbles, submerge the sample holderin the test liquid to a depth of approximately 20 mm and allow it to situndisturbed for 60 seconds. After 60 seconds, remove the sample andsample holder from the test liquid. Remove all the binder clips but one,and attach the sample holder to the ring stand with the binder clip sothat the sample may vertically hang freely and drain for a total of 120seconds. After the conclusion of the draining period, gently remove thesample from the sample holder and record the sample's mass. Repeat forthe remaining four test pieces or test piece sets.

Calculation of Liquid Absorptive Capacity

Liquid Absorptive Capacity is reported in units of grams of liquidcomposition per gram of the fibrous structure or wipe being tested.Liquid Absorptive Capacity is calculated as follows for each test thatis conducted:

${{Liquid}\mspace{14mu} {Absorptive}\mspace{14mu} {Capacity}} = \frac{M_{X} - M_{i}}{M_{i}}$

In this equation, M_(i) is the mass in grams of the test piece(s) priorto starting the test, and M_(X) is the mass in grams of the same afterconclusion of the test procedure. Liquid Absorptive Capacity istypically reported as the numerical average of at least five tests persample.

Pore Volume Distribution Test Method

Pore Volume Distribution measurements are made on a TRI/Autoporosimeter(TRI/Princeton Inc. of Princeton, N.J.). The TRI/Autoporosimeter is anautomated computer-controlled instrument for measuring pore volumedistributions in porous materials (e.g., the volumes of different sizepores within the range from 2.5 to 1000 □μm effective pore radii).Complimentary Automated Instrument Software, Release 2000.1, and DataTreatment Software, Release 2000.1 is used to capture, analyze andoutput the data. More information on the TRI/Autoporosimeter, itsoperation and data treatments can be found in The Journal of Colloid andInterface Science 162 (1994), pgs 163-170, incorporated here byreference.

As used in this application, determining Pore Volume Distributioninvolves recording the increment of liquid that enters a porous materialas the surrounding air pressure changes. A sample in the test chamber isexposed to precisely controlled changes in air pressure. The size(radius) of the largest pore able to hold liquid is a function of theair pressure. As the air pressure increases (decreases), different sizepore groups drain (absorb) liquid. The pore volume of each group isequal to this amount of liquid, as measured by the instrument at thecorresponding pressure. The effective radius of a pore is related to thepressure differential by the following relationship.

Pressure differential=[(2) γ cos Θ]/effective radius

where γ=liquid surface tension, and Θ=contact angle.

Typically pores are thought of in terms such as voids, holes or conduitsin a porous material. It is important to note that this method uses theabove equation to calculate effective pore radii based on the constantsand equipment controlled pressures. The above equation assumes uniformcylindrical pores. Usually, the pores in natural and manufactured porousmaterials are not perfectly cylindrical, nor all uniform. Therefore, theeffective radii reported here may not equate exactly to measurements ofvoid dimensions obtained by other methods such as microscopy. However,these measurements do provide an accepted means to characterize relativedifferences in void structure between materials.

The equipment operates by changing the test chamber air pressure inuser-specified increments, either by decreasing pressure (increasingpore size) to absorb liquid, or increasing pressure (decreasing poresize) to drain liquid. The liquid volume absorbed at each pressureincrement is the cumulative volume for the group of all pores betweenthe preceding pressure setting and the current setting.

In this application of the TRI/Autoporosimeter, the liquid is a 0.2weight % solution of octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol (Triton X-100 fromUnion Carbide Chemical and Plastics Co. of Danbury, Conn.) in 99.8weight % distilled water (specific gravity of solution is about 1.0).The instrument calculation constants are as follows: ρ (density)=1g/cm³; γ (surface tension)=31 dynes/cm; cos Θ=1. A 0.22 μm MilliporeGlass Filter (Millipore Corporation of Bedford, Mass.; Catalog#GSWP09025) is employed on the test chamber's porous plate. A plexiglassplate weighing about 24 g (supplied with the instrument) is placed onthe sample to ensure the sample rests flat on the Millipore Filter. Noadditional weight is placed on the sample.

The remaining user specified inputs are described below. The sequence ofpore sizes (pressures) for this application is as follows (effectivepore radius in μm): 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100,120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 225, 250, 275, 300, 350, 400, 500, 600, 800,1000. This sequence starts with the fibrous structure or wipe sample dryand saturates it as the pore settings increase (typically referred towith respect to the procedure and instrument as the 1^(st) absorption).

In addition to the fibrous structure or wipe sample being tested, ablank condition (no sample between a plexiglass plate and MilliporeFilter) is run to account for any surface and/or edge effects within thetest chamber. Any pore volume measured for this blank condition issubtracted from the applicable pore grouping of the fibrous structure orwipe sample being tested. If upon subtracting the blank condition theresult is 0 or negative then report a 0 for that pore range. This datatreatment can be accomplished manually or with the availableTRI/Autoporosimeter Data Treatment Software, Release 2000.1.

Percent (%) Total Pore Volume is a percentage calculated by taking thevolume of fluid in the specific pore radii range divided by the TotalPore Volume. The TRI/Autoporosimeter outputs the volume of fluid withina range of pore radii. The first data obtained is for the “5.0 micron”pore radii which includes fluid absorbed between the pore sizes of 2.5to 5.0 micron radius. The next data obtained is for “10 micron” poreradii, which includes fluid absorbed between the 5.0 to 10 micron radii,and so on. Following this logic, to obtain the volume held within therange of 91-140 micron radii, one would sum the volumes obtained in therange titled “100 micron”, “110 micron”, “120 micron”, “130 micron”, andfinally the “140 micron” pore radii ranges. For example, % Total PoreVolume 91-140 micron pore radii=(volume of fluid between 91-140 micronpore radii)/Total Pore Volume. Total Pore Volume is the sum of allvolumes of fluid between 2.5 micron and 1000 micron pore radii.

Basis Weight Test Method

Basis weight is measured prior to the application of any end-use lotion,cleaning solution, or other liquid composition, etc. to the fibrousstructure or wipe, and follows a modified EDANA 40.3-90 (February 1996)method as described herein below.

-   -   1. Cut at least three test pieces of the fibrous structure or        wipe to specific known dimensions, preferably using a pre-cut        metal die and die press. Each test piece typically has an area        of at least 0.01 m².    -   2. Use a balance to determine the mass of each test piece in        grams; calculate basis weight (mass per unit area), in grams per        square meter (gsm), using equation (1).

$\begin{matrix}{{{Basis}\mspace{14mu} {Weight}} = \frac{{Mass}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {Test}\mspace{14mu} {Piece}\mspace{14mu} (g)}{{Area}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {Test}\mspace{14mu} {Piece}\mspace{14mu} \left( m^{2} \right)}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

-   -   3. For a fibrous structure or wipe sample, report the numerical        average basis weight for all test pieces.    -   4. If only a limited amount of the fibrous structure or wipe is        available, basis weight may be measured and reported as the        basis weight of one test piece, the largest rectangle possible.

5.

Dynamic Absorption Time (DAT) Test Method

DAT provides a measure of the ability of the fibrous structure or wipeto absorb a test liquid and the time it takes for the test liquid to beabsorbed by the fibrous structure or wipe, which is in turn used as ameasure of how well a fibrous structure or wipe will absorb liquid intothe fibrous structure or wipe.

The DAT test method measures the dimensions of a drop of a liquidcomposition, in this case a drop of a lotion, from the moment it is incontact with a fibrous structure or wipe to when the drop is absorbed bythe fibrous structure or wipe. The method also measures the rate ofchange of the dimensions of the drop with respect to time. Fibrousstructures or wipes characterized by low DAT and low initial contactangle values may be more absorbent than those characterized by higherDAT and/or higher initial contact angle values.

Dynamic Absorbency Test (DAT) measurements of a fibrous structure orwipe are made utilizing a Thwing Albert DAT Fibro 1100 (Thwing Albert,Pa.). The DAT Fibro 1100 is an automated computer-controlled instrumentfor measuring contact angle of a drop of a liquid composition on porousmaterials and the time it takes for the drop of a liquid composition toabsorb into the fibrous structure or wipe. Contact angle refers to theangle formed by the fibrous structure or wipe and the tangent to thesurface of the liquid composition drop in contact with the fibrousstructure or wipe. More information on absorbency of sheet materialsusing an automated contact angle tester can be found in ASTM D 5725-95.

The DAT contact angle measurements provide a means that is used in theart to characterize relative differences in absorbent properties ofmaterials.

The equipment operates by controlling the volume and the ejection pulseof a small drop of a liquid composition discharged directly onto thesurface of a fibrous structure or wipe. The height, base and angleproduced as the liquid composition drop settles and becomes absorbedinto the fibrous structure or wipe are determined based on an internalcalibrated gray scale. In this application, a DAT Fibro 1100 seriesmodel (high speed camera resolution for porous absorbent papersubstrates) is calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructionsand using a 0.292 calibration sled. The instrument is set to discharge a4 microliter (μL) drop of a liquid composition, a stroke pulse of 8,canula tip of 340, drop bottom of 208, and paper position of 134.

The fibrous structure or wipe samples to be tested are cut toapproximately 0.5 inches in length and not exceeding the width of thesample sled associated with the testing equipment. The fibrous structureor wipe samples are cut along the MD direction of the fibrous structureor wipe to minimize neckdown and structural changes during handling. Thefibrous structure or wipe samples as well as the liquid composition(s)to be dropped onto the fibrous structures or wipes are allowed toequilibrate to 23°±2.2° C. and 50% relative humidity for at least 4hours. The liquid composition(s) are prepared by filling a clean drysyringe (0.9 mm diameter, part #1100406, Thwing Albert) at least halfway. The syringe should be rinsed with the liquid composition ofinterest prior to the test and this can be achieved by filling/emptyingthe syringe 3 consecutive times with the liquid composition. In thepresent measurements, the liquid composition used is an aqueouscomposition that contains distilled water and a nonionic surfactant;namely, Triton® X 100, which is commercially available from Dow ChemicalCompany, at levels to result in the aqueous composition exhibiting asurface tension of 30 dynes/cm. The fibrous structure or wipe and theliquid composition are loaded into the instrument according to themanufacturer's instructions. The controlling software is designed toeject the liquid composition onto the fibrous structure or wipe andmeasure the following parameters: time for the liquid composition toabsorb into fibrous structure or wipe, contact angle, base, height, andvolume.

A total of 10 measurements of the time the liquid composition drop takesto be absorbed by the fibrous structure or wipe for each side of thefibrous structure or wipe are made. The reported DAT value (in seconds)is the average of the 20 measurements (10 from each side) of a fibrousstructure or wipe.

Soil Leak through Test Method

The following method is used to measure the soil leak through value fora fibrous structure or wipe.

First, prepare a test composition to be used in the soil leak throughtest. The test composition is prepared by weighing out 8.6 g of GreatValue Instant chocolate pudding mix (available from WalMart—do not useLowCal or Sugar Free pudding mix). Add 10 mL of distilled water to the8.6 g of mix. Stir the mix until smooth to form the pudding. Cover thepudding and let stand at 23° C.±2.2° C. for 2 hours before use to allowthorough hydration of the pudding mix.

The Great Value Instant chocolate pudding mix can be purchased athttp://www.walmart.com/ip/Great-Value-Chocolate-Instant-Pudding-3.9-oz/10534173.The ingredients listed on the Great Value Instant chocolate pudding mixare the following: Sugar, Modified Food Starch, Dextrose, Cocoa PowderProcessed With Alkali, Disodium Phosphate, Contains 2% Or Less Of NonfatDry Milk, Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Salt, Natural And ArtificialFlavoring, Mono- And Diglycerides (Prevent Foaming), Palm Oil, Red 40,Yellow 5, Blue 1. Titanium Dioxide (For Color). Allergy Warning:Contains Milk. May Contain Traces Of Eggs, Almonds, Coconut, Pecans,Pistachios, Peanuts, Wheat And Soy.

Transfer the test composition to a syringe using a sterile tonguedepressor for ease of handling.

Tare weight of a piece of wax paper. The basis weight of the wax paperis about 35 gsm to about 40 gsm. Wax paper is supplied from the ReynoldsCompany under the Cut-Rite brand name. Weigh out 0.6±0.05 g of the testcomposition on the wax paper. Prepare 5 samples of a fibrous structureor wipe to be tested. The 5 samples of fibrous structure or wipe arecut, if necessary to dimensions of 150 mm×150 mm. One of the 5 sampleswill be the control sample (no test composition will be applied to it).On a flat surface, place the wax paper with the test composition ontoone of the remaining 4 test samples of fibrous structure or wipe thathas been folded in half to create a two-ply structure such that the testcomposition is positioned between an exterior surface of the fibrousstructure or wipe and the wax paper. Gently place a 500 g balance weightwith a 1⅝ inch diameter (yielding about 0.5 psi) on the wax paper,e.g.,) for 10 seconds making sure not to press on the weight whenplacing the weight on the wax paper. 500 gram balance weights areavailable from the McMaster-Carr Company. After the 10 seconds, removethe weight and gently unfold the fibrous structure or wipe. Examine thesoil color visible from the interior surface of the de facto “secondply” (the surface of the portion of the fibrous structure or wipe thatis facing inward and is not the backside of the portion of the fibrousstructure or wipe to which the test composition was applied). A HunterColor Lab Scan is used to examine this interior surface. The color maydiffuse over time; so examine the wipes at a consistent time interval(within 10 minutes after placing the weight on the wax paper) for bettersample to sample comparison. Repeat the test composition applicationprocedure for the remaining test samples of fibrous structure or wipe.

The color present on the interior surface of each test sample of fibrousstructure or wipe to be analyzed is then analyzed using a Hunter ColorLab instrument.

Hunter Color Lab Scan Procedure

(Calibration)

1. Set scale to XYZ.

2. Set observer to 10.

3. Set both illuminations to D65.

4. Set procedure to none and click ok.

5. Check to see if read procedures is set to none.

6. Place green plate on port and click read sample. Enter sample IDgreen.

7. Place white plate on port and click read sample. Enter sample IDwhite.

8. Open calibration excel file, click on file save as and enter today'sdate.

9. Go back to test page of hunter color and highlight XY&Z numbers,click on edit, copy.

10. Open up today's calibration sheet and paste numbers in the valueread cell. Check value read to actual value. Values must be within specsto pass.

11. Printout calibration report.

(Test)

1. Click on active view.

2. Set Scale to Cielab.

3. Set both illuminate to C.

4. Set observer to 2.

5. Set procedure to none.

6. Click ok.

7. Click clear all.

8. Scan the control sample to measure and record the L value of thecontrol sample.

9. After removing the weight from a test sample of fibrous structure orwipe as described above, unfold the test sample and place the testsample of fibrous structure or wipe on instrument port such that thecolor of the interior surface of the de facto “second ply” as describedabove can be analyzed. Place a fresh piece of wax paper on top of thetest sample to avoid contaminating the winstrument.

10. Click read sample to measure and record the L value of the testsample. Enter name of sample. Click ok. Repeat for the remaining testsamples.

11. After the L values of the 4 test samples have been measured andrecorded, average the L values for the 4 test samples.

12. Calculate the Soil Leak Through Lr Value for the fibrous structureor wipe tested by determining the difference between the L value of thecontrol sample and the average L value of the 4 test samples.

The reported Soil Leak Through Lr Value is the difference in the L colorvalue from the Hunter Color Lab between the control sample and the testsample of the fibrous structure or wipe. A Soil Leak Through Lr Value ofless than 20 and/or less than 15 and/or less than 10 and/or less than 5and/or less than 2 is desirable. The lower the value, the more thefibrous structure or wipe prevents soil leak through.

A suitable equivalent to the Great Value Instant chocolate pudding mixtest composition can be made by the following procedure for use in thetest method described above.

First, a test composition for testing purposes is prepared. In order tomake the test composition, a dry powder mix is first made. The drypowder mix comprises dehydrated tomato dices (Harmony House orNorthBay); dehydrated spinach flakes (,Harmony House or NorthBay);dehydrated cabbage (Harmony House or NorthBay); whole psyllium husk(available from Now Healthy Foods that has to be sieved with 600 μmcutoff to collect greater than 600 μm particles and then ground tocollect 250-300 μm particles) (alternatively available from Barry Farmas a powder that has to be sieved to collect 250-300 μm particles);palmitic acid (95% Alfa Aeser B20322); and calcium stearate (Alfa Aeser39423). Next add food grade yeast powders commercially available asProvesta® 000 and Ohly® HTC (both commercially available from OhlyAmericas, Hutchinson, Minn.).

If grinding of the vegetables needs to be performed, an IKA A11 basicgrinder (commercially available from VWR or Rose Scientific LTD) isused. To grind the vegetables, add the vegetable flakes to the grindingbowl. Fill to the mark (within the metal cup, do not over fill). Poweron for 5 seconds. Stop. Tap powder 5 times. Repeat power on (for 5seconds), stop and tap powder (5 times) procedure 4 more times. Sievethe ground powder by stacking a 600 μm opening sieve on top of a 300 μmopening sieve such that powders of 300 μm or less are collected. Regrindany remaining powders that are larger than 300 μm one time. Collectpowders of 300 μm or less.

The test composition is prepared by mixing the above identifiedingredients in the following levels in Table 3 below.

TABLE 3 Soil Powder Premix Grams % Tomato Powder 20.059 18.353 PsylliumHusk 0.599 0.548 Cabbage 2.145 1.963 Spinach Powder 8.129 7.438 Provesta000 40.906 37.428 Ohly HCT 16.628 15.214 Palmitic acid/Calcium Stearate(2:1) 20.827 19.056

The palmitic acid/calcium stearate blend is prepared by grindingtogether and collecting powders of 300 μm or less from a blend of20.0005 g palmitic acid and 10.006 g calcium stearate.

To make up the test composition, 21 g of distilled water at 23° C.±2.2°C. is added to every 9 g of the soil powder premix described above inTable 3 used in a suitable container. A tongue depressor is used to stirthe composition until the composition, which may be a paste, ishomogeneous, about 2 minutes of stirring. Cover the container looselywith a piece of aluminum foil and let stand for 2 hours at 23°±2.2° C.Next add 4 drops of FD&C Red Dye #40 and stir until completely mixed,about 2 minutes of stirring. The test composition is ready for use inthe soil leak through test.

CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength Test Method

The CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of a fibrous structure or wipe isdetermined using a modified EDANA 20.2.89 method, which generally setsforth the following test method.

Cut 5—50±0.5 mm wide (MD) and more than 150 mm long (CD) test strips (sothat a distance of 100 mm can be obtained between the jaws of thedynamometer) of the fibrous structure or wipe to be tested with alaboratory paper cutter or a template and scalpel (not scissors, as thetest pieces must be cut out cleanly according to ERT 130).

Using a tensile testing machine (dynamometer) with a constant rate ofextension (100 mm/min) and jaws 50 mm wide (capable of holding the cutsample securely across their full widths without damage) and fitted witha system for recording force—elongation curves.

Place a strip to be tested in the jaws of the tensile testing machine,the jaws being 100 mm±1 mm apart.

Apply a constant rate of extension (100 mm/min) and record theforce-elongation curve.

Discard the results from any test strip where the break occurs in theclamp or where any break reaches the jaws.

Establish the scale of force-elongation curve. Use the force-elongationcurve to determine the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength in newtons (N).If several peak values for the applied force occur during the test, takethe highest value as the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of the stripand note this in the test report. Repeat the procedure on additionalstrips from the fibrous structure wipe to get an average CD Wet InitialTensile Strength from 5 samples, which is the reported CD Wet InitialTensile Strength in N to the nearest 0.1 N.

Lotion Release Test Method

The lotion release of a fibrous structure or wipe is determined bywiping the fibrous structure or wipe over a defined area, using adefined pressure and default speed of the instrument.

A wiping apparatus capable of simulating a wiping process is used. Asuitable wiping apparatus is available from Manfred Hirer GmbH, D-60489Frankfurt, GERMANY. The wiping apparatus has a surface on which a skinanalogue (a self-adhesive DC fix foil 40 cm×40 cm available from KonradHornschuch AG, 74679 Weissbach, GERMANY,) is placed. The wipingapparatus further has a mechanical arm with a wiping hand (180 mm×78 mm)attached that applies a wiping pressure of 8.5 g/cm² to the skin analog.

To run the test, place the skin analogue on the surface of the wipingapparatus. With nitrile/powder free gloves on, weigh a fibrous structureor wipe to be tested to get its initial mass. Unfold the fibrousstructure or wipe, if folded, and place it onto the already stuck skinanalogue. Gently place the wiping hand on the top of the fibrousstructure or wipe. Tightly attach the fibrous structure or wipe to thewiping hand such that only a 180 mm×78 mm portion of the fibrousstructure or wipe will come into contact with the skin analogue when thewiping movements of the wiping hand are performed. Ensure that thewiping apparatus is on and perform 3 wiping movements. The first wipingmovement is a 90° stroke of the wiping arm including the wiping hand andfibrous structure or wipe attached thereto. The second wiping movementis a 90° return stroke over the same portion of the skin analogue thatthe first wiping movement traveled. The third wiping movement is another90° stroke of the wiping arm including the wiping hand and fibrousstructure or wipe attached thereto, like the first wiping movement, andit travels over the same portion of the skin analogue as the first andsecond wiping movements. Carefully remove the fibrous structure or wipefrom the wiping hand being careful not to wipe the fibrous structure orwipe on the skin analogue while removing it from the wiping hand. Weighthe fibrous structure or wipe again to obtain the final mass. The lotionrelease for the fibrous structure or wipe is the difference between theinitial mass of the fibrous structure or wipe and the final mass of thefibrous structure or wipe. Clean the skin analogue with a dry tissue.Repeat the procedure again starting with weighing the next fibrousstructure or wipe to get its initial mass. The reported lotion releasevalue is the average lotion release value of 10 tested fibrousstructures or wipes

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“about 40 mm.”

All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the Invention are, inrelevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of anydocument is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior artwith respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning ordefinition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning ordefinition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, themeaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shallgovern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A textured fibrous structure comprising at leastone surface comprising a plurality of deformations such that the surfaceexhibits an average absolute surface height value (Sa) of greater than250 nm as measured according to the Surface Height Test Method.
 2. Thetextured fibrous structure according to claim 1 wherein the texturedfibrous structure comprises a plurality of fibrous elements.
 3. Thetextured fibrous structure according to claim 2 wherein the fibrouselements comprise a plurality of filaments.
 4. The textured fibrousstructure according to claim 2 wherein the fibrous elements comprise aplurality of filaments and fibers commingled together.
 5. The texturedfibrous structure according to claim 2 wherein at least one of thefibrous elements comprises a thermoplastic polymer.
 6. The texturedfibrous structure according to claim 2 wherein the fibrous elementscomprise a plurality of fibers.
 7. A multi-ply textured fibrousstructure comprising two or more of the textured fibrous structuresaccording to claim 1 such that surfaces of the textured fibrousstructure form exterior surfaces of the multi-ply fibrous structure. 8.A textured fibrous structure comprising at least one surface comprisinga plurality of deformations such that the surface exhibits a root meansquare average surface height value (Sq) of greater than 300 nm asmeasured according to the Surface Height Test Method.
 9. The texturedfibrous structure according to claim 8 wherein the textured fibrousstructure comprises a plurality of fibrous elements.
 10. The texturedfibrous structure according to claim 9 wherein the fibrous elementscomprise a plurality of filaments.
 11. The textured fibrous structureaccording to claim 9 wherein the fibrous elements comprise a pluralityof filaments and fibers commingled together.
 12. The textured fibrousstructure according to claim 9 wherein at least one of the fibrouselements comprises a thermoplastic polymer.
 13. The textured fibrousstructure according to claim 9 wherein the fibrous elements comprise aplurality of fibers.
 14. A multi-ply textured fibrous structurecomprising two or more of the textured fibrous structures according toclaim 8 such that surfaces of the textured fibrous structure formexterior surfaces of the multi-ply fibrous structure.
 15. A texturedfibrous structure comprising at least one surface comprising a pluralityof deformations such that the surface exhibits a height differencesurface height value (Sk) of greater than 825 nm as measured accordingto the Surface Height Test Method.
 16. The textured fibrous structureaccording to claim 15 wherein the textured fibrous structure comprises aplurality of fibrous elements.
 17. The textured fibrous structureaccording to claim 16 wherein the fibrous elements comprise a pluralityof filaments.
 18. The textured fibrous structure according to claim 16wherein the fibrous elements comprise a plurality of filaments andfibers commingled together.
 19. The textured fibrous structure accordingto claim 16 wherein at least one of the fibrous elements comprises athermoplastic polymer.
 20. A multi-ply textured fibrous structurecomprising two or more of the textured fibrous structures according toclaim 15 such that surfaces of the textured fibrous structure formexterior surfaces of the multi-ply fibrous structure.